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Original Articles

The importance of plantain (Plantago spp.) as a supplementary pollen source in the diet of honey bees

Importancia del llantén (Plantago spp) como fuente de polen suplementaria de la dieta de las abejas

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Pages 77-81 | Received 19 Apr 2007, Accepted 31 Jul 2007, Published online: 24 Mar 2015
 

Summary

Plantain (Plantago spp.) is generally considered to be an anemophilous plant that produces pollen of low nutritional value to bees. Between April and September during 2002 and 2003, in two regions in northwestern Portugal, we studied both the pollen collected by honey bee colonies and airborne pollen. Plantain pollen collection by honey bees was observed only in three different periods, despite its continuous presence in the air. This behaviour was related to the beginning and ending of flowering of the honey bee's main nutritional pollen sources, with no other factor seemingly influencing the temporal collecting patterns. The collection of Plantago spp. pollen was observed in the gaps between the flowering of Eucalyptus spp., chestnut (Castanea sativa), wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) and heaths (Ericaceae family). The results suggest that pollen of Plantago species seems to be used by honey bees as a substitute for other more nutritious pollen types and is collected only as a supplementary source. The temporal patterns of Plantago pollen collection by honey bees could therefore be used as a valuable ecological indicator of periods with low availability of highly nutritious pollen sources.

Resumen

El llantén (Plantago spp) es considerado generalmente como una planta anemófila que produce polen de escaso valor nutricional para las abejas. Entre abril y septiembre de 2002 y 2003 se estudiaron el polen recolectado por las colonias de abejas y el transportado por el aire, en dos regiones del noroeste de Portugal. La recolecta de polen del llantén por las abejas sólo se observó en tres periodos diferentes, a pesar de su presencia continua en el aire. Este comportamiento se relacionó con el principio y el final de la floración de las fuentes principales de polen nutricional de las abejas, sin ningún otro factor aparente influyendo en los patrones temporales de recolecta. La recolecta de polen de Plantago spp se observó en los periodos entre la floración de Eucalyptus spp., el castaño (Castanea sativa), la zarzamora (Rubus spp) y los brezales (familia Ericaceae). Estos resultados sugieren que el polen de las especies de Plantago es usado por las abejas como sustituto de otros tipos de polen más nutritivos y que se recolecta únicamente como fuente suplementaria. Los patrones temporales de recolecta de polen de Plantago por las abejas pueden ser usados como un indicador de valor ecológico de periodos con escasa disponibilidad de fuentes de polen más nutritivos.

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