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Hive Product Science

Melissopalynological records of honeys from Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) in the Lower Amazon, Brazil: pollen spectra and concentration

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Pages 11-29 | Received 21 Feb 2013, Accepted 31 Jul 2013, Published online: 02 Jun 2015
 

Abstract

We present the pollen investigation of honeys from Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae, Meliponini) in the Lower Amazon region, Pará State, Brazil. The analyses focused on the spectra and pollen concentrations recorded in the honey. We conducted monthly collections between September 2010 and January 2012 in the municipalities of Belterra and Santarém. The pollen spectra in the honey from the Belterra and Santarém regions demonstrated 58 and 45 pollen types, respectively. Fabaceae was the most commonly represented plant family in the honey samples from both areas. The main pollen associations observed in the honey include as follows: Borreria verticillata, Byrsonima, Eriope, Microtea and Warszewiczia coccinea in Belterra and Byrsonima, Cecropia, Clidemia hirta, Myrcia, Solanum paniculatum, Tapirira guianensis and W. coccinea in Santarém. In both municipalities, the mean values of the pollen diversity (Shannon–Weaver, H′) and equitability (Pielou, J′) indices were 1.6 and 0.6, respectively. Most of the honey from Belterra contained between 20,000 and 100,000 pollen grains/10 g of honey (Group II). In Santarém, most of the samples contained between 100,000 and 500,000 grains/10 g of honey (Group III). T. angustula demonstrated polyletic foraging behaviours during the study. The ecological indices point towards uniformity in the use of the available resources in the local flora. The concentration of pollen in the honey samples indicates that these honeys meet the normal, internationally recognised standards.

Registros melisopalinológicos de mieles de Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) en el Bajo Amazonas, Brasil: espectros de polen y concentración

Presentamos la primera investigación polínica de mieles de Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae, Meliponini) en la región del Bajo Amazonas, Estado Pará, Brasil. Los análisis se centraron en los espectros polínicos y las concentraciones registradas en la miel. Se llevaron a cabo colectas mensuales entre septiembre de 2010 y enero de 2012 en los municipios de Belterra y Santarém. Los espectros polínicos en la miel de las regiones de Belterra y Santarém mostraron 58 y 45 tipos de polen, respectivamente. La familia de plantas más comúnmente representada en las muestras de miel de las dos áreas fue Fabaceae. Las principales asociaciones de polen observadas en la miel incluyen: Borreria verticillata, Byrsonima, Eriope, Microtea y Warszewiczia coccinea en Belterra y Byrsonima, Cecropia, Clidemia hirta, Myrcia, Solanum paniculatum, Tapirira guianensis y W. coccinea en Santarém. En ambas localidades, los valores medios de diversidad de polen (Shannon-Weaver, H') y uniformidad (Pielou, J') fueron 1,6 y 0,6, respectivamente. La mayoría de las mieles de Belterra contenían entre 20.000 y 100.000 granos de polen/10 g de miel (Grupo II). En Santarém, la mayoría de las muestras contenían entre 100.000 y 500.000 granos/10 g de miel (Grupo III). T. angustula demostró comportamientos de pecoreo poliléctico durante el estudio. Los índices ecológicos apuntan hacia la uniformidad en el uso de los recursos disponibles en la flora local. La concentración de polen en las muestras de miel indica que estas mieles cumplen con los estándares normales, reconocidos internacionalmente.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr Geancarlo V. Gouveia, president of the Meliponiculturists Association of the Municipality of Belterra, for making available the private meliponary colonies for this research; to the SEMED of Santarém for authorising the collection of samples at the Forest School; to Dr Favízia Freitas de Oliveira (UFBA), for identifying the stingless bee species; and to Dr Cláudia Elena Carneiro (UEFS), Dr Lenise Vargas Flôres da Silva (UFOPA) and MSc Chieno Suemitsu (UFOPA), the research laboratory coordinators who kindly allowed the analyses to be performed at these locations. We thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq) for the support (Processes 575747/2008-0 and 143084/2009-7). We are also indebted with two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and criticisms.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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