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Bee Management

Life spans of Africanized honey bees fed sucrose diets enhanced with citric acid or lemon juice

Aumento en la esperanza de vida de abejas africanizadas con una dieta de sacarosa suplementada con ácido cítrico o zumo de limón

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Pages 91-99 | Received 08 Sep 2015, Accepted 20 Jan 2017, Published online: 15 Mar 2017
 

Abstract

The maintenance of laboratory confined bees is a growing need for several entomological studies. Improving laboratory conditions, e.g., diet, to allow greater longevity to individuals is a desirable outcome for insects maintained under those conditions. We evaluated the life span of confined Africanized bee “workers” fed with an aqueous solution obtained from acidic hydrolysis of sucrose. We ran two experiments simultaneously and had a single control treatment. In the first one, the bees were fed 100 g of sucrose solution (1:1) enhanced with 0.1, 0.16, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g of citric acid. The second experiment was conducted using an aqueous solution of granulated (1:1) enriched with 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 ml of lemon juice from Citrus aurantifolia (C.) Swingle, Citrus latifolia Tanaka and Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck at in each solution. We arranged ten repetitions with ten bees each. The number of surviving bees was counted every 12 h, during daytime, for 192 h total. The survival curve was adjusted using Weibull’s model we calculated the values for LT10, LT20, LT50 and LT99. Considering the relevance of an artificial diet to feed and maintain bee colonies, we concluded that adding citric acid at amounts lower than 0.3 g for each 100 g of sucrose may increase the lifespan of Africanized worker bees confined in laboratory, through providing partially inverted food. If lemon juice is used as a substitute for the citric acid, the amount should be less than 10 ml for each 100 g of sucrose.

El mantenimiento de abejas en laboratorio es una necesidad creciente para muchos estudios entomológicos. Mejorando las condiciones en el laboratorio, por ejemplo, su dieta, se puede llegar a aumentar la longevidad de los individuos, lo que es un resultado deseado para insectos criados bajo dichas condiciones. Hemos evaluado la esperanza de vida de abejas obreras africanizadas en laboratorio que han sido alimentadas con una solución acuosa obtenida a partir de la hidrólisis ácida de la sacarosa. Llevamos a cabo dos experimentos simultáneamente con un tratamiento control. En el primero, las abejas fueron alimentadas con 100 g de solución de sacarosa (1:1) con un suplemento de 0.1, 0.16, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g de ácido cítrico. El segundo experimento fue llevado a cabo usando una solución acuosa de granulado (1:1) enriquecido con 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 y 20.0 ml de zumo de limón de Citrus aurantifolia (C.) Swingle, Citrus latifolia Tanaka y Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck en cada dilución. Realizamos diez repeticiones con diez abejas por repetición. Se hizo un recuento del número de abejas supervivientes cada 12 horas, durante el día, durante un total de 192 horas. La curva de supervivencia se ajustó usando el modelo de Weilbull, y calculamos los valores para LT10, LT20, LT50 y LT99. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de una dieta artificial usada para mantener y alimentar colonias de abeja, concluimos que añadiendo ácido cítrico en cantidades inferiores a 0.3 g por cada 100 g de sacarosa se podría aumentar la esperanza de vida de las abejas obreras africanizadas en laboratorio, proveyendo parcialmente comida invertida. Si se usa zumo de limón en vez de ácido cítrico, la cantidad debería ser menor a 10 ml por cada 100 g de sacarosa.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Foundation of Support Research of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for its financial support. We thank anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript.

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