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Bee Management

Health outcomes of beekeeping: a systematic review

Consecuencias sanitarias de la apicultura: una revisión sistemática

, &
Pages 100-111 | Received 22 Sep 2016, Accepted 23 Jan 2017, Published online: 15 Mar 2017
 

Abstract

Honey bees and the business of beekeeping have profound economic importance for global agricultural production. Bee populations and the beekeeping industry are experiencing threats to sustainability. The beekeeping industry brings with it health risks for beekeepers and those living in proximity to hives. While there are a wide range of potential adverse health outcomes there has been no systematic review of these. We address this gap, examining the symptomatic adverse health outcomes among beekeepers and those living in proximity to hives. We demonstrate a dearth of published studies (nine unique studies) on the health impacts. Adverse outcomes included bee venom and propolis allergies (including anaphylaxis) and Lyme borreliosis associated with tick bites while beekeeping. Systemic reactions to bee venom allergies were associated with a range of risk factors. However, the probability of allergic reactions decreased as years of beekeeping increased. There is a clear need for greater research into the adverse health outcomes for this population. Nevertheless, our systematic review demonstrates important health consequences, and suggests an appreciation of the range of consequences is relevant. This is appropriate for reducing the disease burden of beekeeping in order to facilitate greater participation and aid in maintaining global pollination services and food security.

Las abejas de la miel y el negocio de la apicultura tienen una profunda importancia económica para la producción agrícola global. Las poblaciones de abejas y la industria apícola están experimentando amenazas a su sostenibilidad. La industria apícola trae consigo riesgos sanitarios para los apicultores y para aquellos que viven en proximidad a las colmenas. Mientras que hay un amplio rango de potenciales efectos adversos sanitarios, no ha habido ninguna revisión de los mismos. Nosotros nos hemos ocupado de este problema examinando los efectos sanitarios adversos sintomáticos entre los apicultores y aquellos que viven cerca de las colmenas. Demostramos una escasez de estudios publicados (únicamente nueve) sobre el impacto en la salud. Los efectos adversos incluyeron el veneno de abeja y las alergias a propóleo (incluyendo la anafilaxis) y la borreliosis de Lyme asociada con la mordedura de garrapatas durante el cuidado de las colmenas. Las reacciones sistémicas de las alergias al veneno de abeja estuvieron asociadas con un rango de factores de riesgo. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de reacciones alérgicas disminuye conforme aumentan los años de actividad apícola. Hay una necesidad clara de investigar más los efectos adversos para la salud en esta población. No obstante, nuestra revisión sistemática demuestra unas consecuencias sanitarias importantes y sugiere que es relevante apreciar el rango de consecuencias. Esto es apropiado para reducir la cantidad de dolencias asociadas a la apicultura y facilitar una mayor participación y ayuda en el mantenimiento global de los servicios polinizadores y la seguridad alimentaria.

Notes

1. No decimal points reported as Münstedt et al. (Citation2007). reported the χ2 as 12.17.14

2. Münstedt et al. (Citation2007) did not report whether this refers to the mean, median or mode.

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