A comprehensive generalized study of scour at cantilevered pipe outlets

Abstract

This study has resulted in the development of criteria for the design of riprapped cantilevered pipe spillway plunge pool energy dissipators having the shape of self-formed scour holes. A literature review revealed information on the general principles of local scour at pipe exits, but inadequate practical information on scour and prevention of scour at pipe outlets. Presented herein are a research plan to provide the needed information, a description of the experimental apparatus and instrumentation, and an explanation of the experimental methods. Additional background information is a description of the scour process, and the geometry of the jet after emerging from the pipe.