Degree of Flocculation and Interparticles Charges of Conditioned Municipal Activated Sludge using Mixed Polymers

ABSTRACT

The present research work focuses on a new conditioning and flocculation mechanism of municipal fresh activated sludge using a dual polymer system combining cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. Various pairs of three different types of polyelectrolytes, low molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM-10), high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM-80) and an anionic polyacrylamide (APAM-30), were selected, being used either individually or as cationic-anionic pairs. The results of use of the dual systems indicated that using mixed polymers for conditioning gave lower turbidity with better settling when compared to that of using individual pure polymers. The mixed polymers improved the sludge volume index (SVI) by 62%. The zeta potentials of the supernatant and solid-like samples of conditioned activated sludge were measured. Slight increases in zeta potential, from –12 to –9, of the mixed polymers for all supernatants were observed. On the other hand, zeta measurements showed that the sludge solid-like particles retained their negative charges despite the addition of the individual cationic polymers in the mixture. This phenomenon was explained in terms of the addition of the polyelectrolytes attracting, primarily, the carboxylic groups of the fine suspended sludge particles, while hydrogen bonds between the larger sludge particles resulted in attraction in accordance with the Van der Waals mechanism, and both attractions caused an immediate dewatering that led to flocculation, but with low compactness. As a result of retaining negative charges on the large sludge particles, dissolved metals were partially attracted, causing reduction in conductivities of the supernatants of 10% to 15% for all pairs. Rheological tests showed that the formed flocs had low shear stress resistances, ranging between 0.2 and 0.4 Pa, and weak flocs strength.

KEYWORDS:

• activated sludge
• polymers
• flocculants
• interparticle charges

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our thanks to The Research Council (TRC) at the Sulanate of Oman for sponsoring this project (project ref ORG/NU/El/001). Also, we thank Ms. Hanan Al Raymi and Ms. Samia Al Raymi for their contributions throughout the experiments.