When an Object Appears Unexpectedly: Object Circumvention in Adults

ABSTRACT

Obstacles often appear unexpectedly in our pathway and these require us to make immediate adjustments. Despite how regularly we encounter such situations only few studies have considered how we adjust to unexpected obstacles in the pathway that require us to walk around them. The authors considered how adults adjust to the possibility of an obstacle appearing and then also how foot placement is adjusted to circumvent an obstacle. Fifteen healthy adults walked down an 11-m walkway, initially they were told this was a clear pathway and nothing in the environment would change (no gate), they then performed a series of trials in which a gate may (gate close) or may not (gate open) partially obstruct their pathway. The authors found that mediolateral trunk velocity and acceleration was significantly increased when there was the possibility of an obstacle but before the obstacle appeared. This demonstrates an adaptive walking strategy that seems to enable healthy young adults to successfully circumvent obstacles. The authors also categorized foot placement adjustments and found that adults favored making shorter and wider steps away from the obstacle. They suggest this combination of adjustments allows participants to maintain stability while successfully circumventing the obstacle.

Keywords:

• avoidance
• obstacle circumvention
• trunk velocity
• trunk acceleration

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ian Wimut for construction of the gates and programming of the software and all of the participants who took part in this study.

Funding

This research was supported by an ESRC grant awarded to Wilmut and Barnett (ES/J02015X/1).

Note

Notes

1. This sample size gives sufficient power assuming a large effect size (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007).