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Abstract
Matings frequently observed between the tortoise beetles Plagiometriona forcipata (Boheman, Citation1855) and Plagiometriona emarcida (Boheman, Citation1855), in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, led us to compare the ecology, life history and genetics of these two morphologically distinct species. Host plant censuses revealed P. emarcida was about five times more abundant, while populations of both species responded in parallel to climate. Laboratory-reared immature P. forcipata took 2 days longer to complete development and showed higher mortality rates. No differences were detected in ovipositional behaviour, genitalia morphology or in sex ratio of offspring. The adult offspring of field-caught females of both species contained individuals with both species' elytral patterns. Finally, nearly identical cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from individuals of each species suggest that they are a single polymorphic species. Based on these observations and the examination of type material we propose the new synonymy: Plagiometriona forcipata = P. emarcida, syn. nov.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to L. Borowiec (University of Wroclaw, Poland) for Cassidinae identification. Our thanks are also extended to C. Cronemberger (Research Sector – IBAMA) and IBAMA/PARNASO for research support in the field. Our research authorizations were 214/2005, 246/2006 and 13424-1. V.F. received a scholarship from Capes and Faperj and support from her Graduation Programme (PPGE) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. R.F.M. acknowledges the support of CNPq through its Scientific Productivity Scholarship. We thank M. Chong for molecular expertise and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for logistical services. Molecular costs were supported in part by NSF Grant #0328363, J. Werren (University of Rochester, NY, USA). Examination of type material in Naturhistoriska Rijksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden was supported by the Synthesys project SE-TAF-3623 of the European Union.