Development and Validation of the Affect in Play Scale–Brief Rating Version (APS–BR)

Abstract

The Affect in Play Scale (APS; Russ, 1987, 2004) is one of few reliable, standardized measures of pretend play, yet the fact that it requires videotaping and extensive training to score compromises its clinical utility. In this study, we developed and validated a brief rating version (APS–BR) that does not require videotaping. Construct validity was established by comparing scores from the original APS and the APS–BR using an existing data set of videotaped play (n = 46). We examined associations between scores on the APS–BR and theoretically relevant measures of divergent thinking and emotional memories. Scores on the APS–BR related strongly to those on the APS, and the pattern of correlations for each scale and relevant criterion measures was similar in strength and direction, supporting the APS–BR as an alternate form of the APS. In addition, we completed a pilot study to examine the efficacy of using the APS–BR in its intended in vivo format (n = 28). Results from both studies suggest that the APS–BR is a promising brief measure of children's pretend play that can be substituted for the APS in clinical and research settings.

Acknowledgment

Some of the data from this article were previously presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Washington, DC (August 2005).

Notes

*pp = .001.

^a Previously reported in Russ and Shafer (2006).

*p < .05.

** p < .01.

^a Previously reported in Russ and Shafer (2006).

*p < .05.

** p < .01.