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Journal of Personality Assessment Volume 93, 2011 - Issue 1
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ARTICLES

The QCAE: A Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy

Renate L. E. P. Reniers Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
,
Rhiannon Corcoran Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
,
Richard Drake Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
,
Nick M. Shryane Institute of Social Change, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
&
Birgit A. Völlm Section of Forensic Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Pages 84-95 | Received 30 Jul 2010, Published online: 22 Dec 2010
 
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Abstract

Empathy has been inconsistently defined and inadequately measured. This research aimed to produce a new and rigorously developed questionnaire. Exploratory (n 1= 640) and confirmatory (n 2= 318) factor analyses were employed to develop the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). Principal components analysis revealed 5 factors (31 items). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure in an independent sample. The hypothesized 2-factor structure (cognitive and affective empathy) was tested and provided the best and most parsimonious fit to the data. Gender differences, convergent validity, and construct validity were examined. The QCAE is a valid tool for assessing cognitive and affective empathy.

Notes

1To solve the problem of a negative error variance in the second order model, the residual error variance of the peripheral responsivity factor was constrained to zero.

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