Publication Cover
The Journal of Psychology
Interdisciplinary and Applied
Volume 132, 1998 - Issue 6
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Original Articles

Assertive, Offensive, Protective, and Defensive Styles of Self-Presentation: A Taxonomy

Pages 611-628 | Received 10 Jul 1997, Published online: 02 Apr 2010
 

Abstract

Classifications of self-presentational behavior are reviewed for differences and similarities. Earlier classifications and recent empirical research are used as a basis for a taxonomy of four styles of self-presentation—assertive, offensive, protective, and defensive—according to the relevant self-presentational intentions and the level of activity involved. Each style is illustrated with typical behavioral examples, together with individual differences and possible consequences.

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