Development of the Virginity Beliefs Scale

Abstract

Past research on first sexual intercourse experiences and virginity has largely focused on using demographics such as age at first intercourse as predictors of future sexual behaviors and beliefs. Carpenter (2002, 2005) suggested a model of three virginity metaphors that describe how individuals perceive their virginity: gift, stigma, and process. Using Carpenter's framework as a starting point, scale items were developed based on the conceptual understanding of the three metaphors. In Study 1 (N = 223, mean age = 19.9, SD = 2.4), 50 items were factor analyzed, yielding 22 items found to be strong indicators of the three metaphors; ten items for gift, eight for stigma, and four for process. The three subscales were validated using measures of gender-role beliefs and affective reactions to first intercourse. In Study 2 (N = 359, mean age = 19.7, SD = 2.4), confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the 22-item factor breakdown. The resulting Virginity Beliefs Scale is discussed in terms of how it applies to Carpenter's original framework and its future research potential.

Notes

¹Religiosity has been linked to behavioral differences at sexual debut (Jones, Darroch, & Singh, 2005; Zimmer-Gembeck & Helfand, 2008) and was thought to be important to measure in terms of virginity scripts.

Note. BSAS = Brief Sexual Attitudes scale; TESR = Traditional-Egalitarian Sex Role.

*p < .001. (Due to the number of comparisons, p was set at .001).

Note. Percent variance accounted for Stigma 32.5%, Gift 18.2%, and Process 8.6%. Total: 59.3%.

²Bonferroni's correction was applied and the significance level was set at p < .001.

Note. Overall Positive/Negative items are composite scores of the positive and negative emotions listed in this table, respectively.

*p < .001.

*t ₍₃₅₁₎ = 2.33; p < .05.

**t ₍₃₅₇₎ = 2.22, p < .05.

Note. Percent variance accounted for Gift: 28.1%, Stigma: 16.0%, Process: 6.3%.

Note: Overall Positive/Negative items are composite scores of the positive and negative emotions listed above, respectively.

*p < .001.

³Bonferroni's correction was applied, and the significance level was set at p < .001.

⁴This age is the average of Study 1 and Study 2.