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KIVA
Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 65, 2000 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

The Contextual Analysis of Animal Interments and Ritual Practice in Southwestern North America

Pages 361-398 | Published online: 25 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Animal burials are often encountered in excavations in southwestern North America. This paper identifies and contextually analyzes bird and mammal remains recovered from interment contexts in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. These data are presented in tabular form, followed by a contextual evaluation of patterns of interment. Three forms of interment are identified: 1) ceremonial trash, 2) dedicatory offerings, and 3) simple interment, including expedient disposal. While bird interments take the form of sacrifice followed by disposal as ceremonial trash, dogs are generally interred on the floors of pithouses or kivas as dedicatory offerings. Bird interments clustered around the period from A.D. 1050 to 1400; dog interments had substantially greater time depth. This contextual analysis demonstrates that patterning in animal interments can be recognized on a regional scale; similar analyses may be usefully applied to faunal data in other regions of the Americas in order to reconstruct the complex social and ritual relationships that humans maintained with animals prehistorically.

RESUMEN

Enterramientos animales se encuentran a menudo en excavacions realizadas en el sudoeste de América del norte. Este artículo identifica y analiza contextualmente los restos de pájaros y mamíferos recuperados en medios funerarios en el norte de México y en el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos. Estos datos se presentan en la forma tabular, seguida de una evaluación del contexto de patrones de enterramiento. Pueden identificarse tres formas de enterramiento 1) desecho ceremonial, 2) enterramiento dedicatoria, e 3) enterramiento simple, incluido el desecho conveniente. Si bien los enterramientos de pájaros toman la forma de sacrificio, seguida por el desecho ceremonial, los perros se entierran generalmente en los suelos de casas semisubterráneas o de kivas como ofrendas de dedicación. Los enterramientos de pájaros se acumulan alrededor del período D.C. 1050 a 1400; los de perros muestran un tiempo-profundidad considerablemente mayor. Este análisis del contexto demuestra que patrones en los enterramientos animales se puede identificar en una escala regional; análisis similares se pueden aplicar provechosamente a los datos de fauna en otras regiones de las Américas para reconstruir las complejas relaciones sociales y rituales que el ser humano mantuvo con los animales en la prehistoria.

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