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Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 81, 2015 - Issue 1-2
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Articles

Prehispanic Northwest and Adjacent West Mexico, 1200 B.C.–A.D. 1400: An Inter-Regional Perspective

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Pages 31-61 | Published online: 23 May 2016
 

Abstract

Northwest Mexico and West Mexico include four to five times as many named cultural areas equivalent to those known in the US Southwest, all with independent yet also connected histories. Together these changing cultures formed the bridge that connected the US Southwest with Mesoamerica. We review some aspects of regional diversity and moments of inter-regional relations, beginning with early agriculture and sedentism in the north. We trace the northward spread of rising regional centers and the appearance of some of the tangible elements of connection. This review shows that specialized production was more sparsely distributed than archaeologists once thought. Cultural identities were gained and lost; yet material connections persisted, and with the advances of past decades archaeologists can better characterize their occurrences, if not yet the mechanisms that produced those connections.

El Noroeste y el Occidente de México incluyen cuatro o cinco veces más áreas culturales equivalentes a los que se conocen en el Suroeste de los EUA, por ejemplo Hohokam; todas independientes pero interconectas entre sí. El conjunto de estas culturas ha formado el puente que interconectó Mesoamérica con el Suroeste de los EUA. Aquí revisamos aspectos de la diversidad cultural así como los intercambios inter-regionales, iniciando con surgimiento de la agricultura, centrándonos en el desarrollo de centros regionales y los elementos tangibles que los conectan. Esta revisión nos muestra que la producción especializada fue más escasamente distribuida de lo que los arqueólogos alguna vez pensaron. Las identidades culturales de estos pueblos se consolidaron y se perdieron en el tiempo. No obstante las conexiones persistieron. El avance en las investigaciones arqueológicas de las últimas décadas nos permiten caracterizarlas de mejor manera, sin embargo entender los mecanismos que las produjeron es aún una tarea por hacer.

Acknowledgments

We thank Henry Wallace, Peter Jiménez, Andrea Torvinen, and two anonymous reviewers for critical comments and Christopher Schwartz for maps and other thoughtful assistance.

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