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Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 80, 2015 - Issue 3-4
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Articles

Antelope Wells: An Early Customs Station on the Mexican Border

Pages 419-454 | Published online: 06 May 2016
 

Abstract

The Antelope Wells Customs Station (LA170810) is an informal U.S. Customs complex established ca. 1916 that remained in operation until the early 1950s. The site consists of a thrice-modified building, the original exhibiting architectural characteristics consistent with Pueblo Revival style architecture, while a succession of later additions extend through the late 1940s. The Antelope Wells complex represents a relatively uncommon early twentieth century Customs facility oriented primarily toward the management of livestock crossing the U.S. -Mexican border. Absent a formal customs port of entry until 1928, this customs station provided interim management of border interactions at a time when U.S. customs facilities were in their infancy. Title searches suggest this facility may have been constructed informally after 1916 by the U.S. Customs Service on private lands held by Charles K. Warren. USGS maps show the structure itself was certainly present no later than 1917. The pronounced livestock-management characteristics of the facility, combined with archeological data, show that this facility continued to be used after the 1928 port of entry was constructed 2.5 miles to the southwest and remained in use through the late 1940s when new port of entry corrals were constructed elsewhere.

La estación de Aduanas Wells antílope (LA170810) es un ca. complejo de Aduanas establecido informal 1916 que se mantuvo en funcionamiento hasta principios de 1950. El sitio consiste en una tres veces - la construcción modificada, las características originales que muestran la arquitectura en consonancia con la arquitectura de estilo Pueblo Revival, mientras que una sucesión de adiciones posteriores se extienden a través de la década de 1940. El complejo de Antelope Wells representa una instalación de Aduanas a principios del siglo XX relativamente poco común orientada principalmente hacia la gestión de la ganadería de cruzar la frontera México-Estados Unidos. En ausencia de un puerto costumbres formal de entrada hasta 1928, esta estación en aduana siempre gestión interina de las interacciones transfronterizas en un momento en las instalaciones estadounidenses de aduanas estaban en su infancia. Búsquedas Título sugieren esta instalación puede haber sido construido de manera informal después de 1916 por el Servicio de Aduanas de los Estados Unidos en tierras privadas en poder de Charles K. Warren. Mapas del USGS muestran la estructura en sí era sin duda presente a más tardar 1917. Las características de manejo del ganado pronunciadas de la instalación, junto con los datos arqueológicos, muestran que esta instalación se siguió utilizando después de que el puerto de entrada de 1.928 se construyó 2,5 millas al sudoeste y se mantuvo en uso hasta finales del 1940 cuando el nuevo puerto de entrada corrales fueron construidos en otros lugares.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by the Columbus Electric Cooperative, Deming, NM. I am grateful to Allen Dart and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

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