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Research Article

A Multi-analytical Characterization of Minerals on Hohokam Palettes

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Published online: 19 Jul 2024
 

Abstract

Stone palettes are a unique artifact of Hohokam culture. Discovery of lead minerals on these palettes dates back to the 1930s, however there has been little chemical analysis of these minerals. This research presents the result of a multi-analytical survey on the accretions of nearly 200 palettes to develop a better understanding of occurrence of lead minerals and isotopic characterization to address questions of sourcing, procurement and mineral exchange. We found consistent association of lead minerals regardless of context, region, and time period, suggesting lead minerals are related to a primary use of palettes. We also propose an alternate theory to one potential function of palettes – that they were used to prepare paint applied to the body or other materials that did not survive in the archaeological record. We propose that the lead silicate identified on some palettes is not intentionally formed, but rather due to post depositional processes.

Las paletas de piedra son un artefacto único de la cultura Hohokam. Desde 1930 se sabe que estas paletas contienen depósitos de minerales de plomo, pero desde entonces han habido pocos análisis químicos de estos minerales. La investigación aquí presentada discute el resultado de un estudio multi-analítico de los depósitos minerales de un grupo de casi 200 paletas, la mayor parte proveniente de la colección de ASM, con el objetivo de desarrollar una mejor comprensión de estos minerales, y caracterizar su composición isotópica para discutir cuestiones de abastecimiento, adquisición e intercambio de minerales. Encontramos una relación entre las paletas y los minerales de plomo que no depende de contexto, región o período de tiempo, lo que sugiere que estos minerales están relacionados al uso principal de paletas. También proponemos aquí una teoría alternativa sobre la función de las paletas: que fueron utilizadas para preparar una pintura que fue aplicada al cuerpo u otros materiales que no sobrevivieron en el registro arqueológico. Proponemos que el silicato de plomo que fue identificado en algunas paletas no fue formado intencionalmente, sino que se debe a procesos asociados a la deposición.

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Edith Lowell. We thank the curatorial and conservation staff at the Arizona State Museum and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University for allowing us access to their collections. We are grateful to Alan Ferg, Mike Jacobs, Gina Watkinson, David Killick, and Suzanne Eckert for helpful guidance in both the research and manuscript preparation. Israel Favela provided assistance with the SEM/EDS analysis, for which we are most grateful. We thank Joaquin Ruiz for granting access to his laboratory facilities, and Mark Baker for technical assistance during the isotopic analysis.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplemental Materials

For supplementary material accompanying this paper, visit www.journals.cambridge.org/10.1080/00231940.2024.2363026.

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