“A Road to Peace and Freedom”: The International Workers Order and the Struggle for Economic Justice and Civil Rights, 1930–1954

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Notes

1. ‘The Preacher and the Slave’:

Songs of the Workers (Chicago: IWW, 1919.10), p. 20: https://archive.org/details/SongsOfTheWorkers15thEd/

Carl Sandburg, The American Songbag (NY: Harcourt Brace, 1927), pp.222–3: https://archive.org/details/americansongbag029895mbp/

Joe Glazer, Bill Friedland, ‘The Preacher and the Slave’ (02:50) on Cowboy and Hobo Songs (1930): https://archive.org/details/CowboyAndHoboSongs/03PreacherAndTheSlave.mp3

‘Pie in the Sky’:

‘An I.W.W. “Hymn”,’ The Common Cause (NY: Social Reform Press, 1913), p. 99: https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdCAAAAYAAJ

‘Religion: 40 Preachers,’ TIME (1928.01.09), p. 50: http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,881730,00.html

George Milburn, The Hobo’s Hornbook: A Repertory for a Gutter Jongleur (NY: I. Washburn, 1930), p. 83: https://books.google.com/books?id=6uDWAAAAMAAJ

For an account of how Joe Hill ‘subverted’ the 1868 hymn ‘In the Sweet By-and-By,’ see – R. Serge Denisoff, ‘The Religious Roots of the American Song of Persuasion,’ Western Folklore (vol. 29, no. 3, 1970), pp. 175–184: https://doi.org/10.2307/1498356

2. Walter S. Steele, ‘Testimony of Walter S. Steele,’ Regarding Communist Activities in the United States (WDC: US GPO, 1947.07.21), p. 103: https://books.google.com/books?id=WV4vAAAAMAAJ

3. Robert Zecker, ‘“Faith in the Masses”: The International Workers Order,’ chapter 6 of Tony Pecinovsky, ed., Faith in the Masses: Essays Celebrating 100 Years of the Communist Party, USA (NY: International Publishers, 2020), pp. 181–228

4. ‘How to make a social safety-net for the post-covid world,’ Economist (2021.03.06): https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/03/06/how-to-make-a-social-safety-net-for-the-post-covid-world

5. Jason Zweig, ‘The Daughter of a Slave Who Did the Unthinkable: Build a Bank,’ Wall Street Journal (2020.09.25): https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-daughter-of-a-slave-who-did-the-unthinkable-build-a-bank-11601051297