https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5437-1902
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ABSTRACT
This paper provides empirical evidence on the effect that occupational segregation by gender (excessive or insufficient representation of women/men in certain occupations) has on the probability of employment and underemployment of women in Spain in 2008 and 2018. The results seem to contradict the findings of previous studies and show that in female-dominated occupations, there is a greater risk of underemployment only for wage earners in the private sector, but not for wage earners in the public sector. In this type of occupation, seniority, working in the private sector and living with an employed partner with higher education are the factors that have the greatest influence on the probability of underemployment.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1. To control for potential selection bias, the estimates made previously with a bivariate probit model and a switching probit model highlighted how the main differences in terms of employment between the two sub-samples (female occupations and other occupations) are due primarily to the explanatory variables used, and not to unobserved factors.
2. In keeping with other studies, ‘female occupations’ are regarded as those in which the proportion of women exceeded the proportion of women in the total workforce by 10 percent.
3. So as not to reduce the sample size excessively, male and mixed occupations were considered in the same subsample.
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José Enrique Rodríguez Hernández
José Enrique Rodríguez Hernández is professor at the Universidad de La Laguna. Dpto. de Economía Aplicada y Métodos Cuantitativos. His research focus is on Housing Economics and Labour Market.