Elie Kedourie and the history of the Middle East

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Notes

A. Toynbee, ‘Was Britain's Abdication Folly?’, The Round Table, April 1970, pp.219 – 28.

Ibid., p.220.

E. Kedourie, England and the Middle East, (hereafter EME) 2nd edn. (London: Mansell & Westview, Colorado, 1987), pp.1 – 7.

E. Kedourie, ‘Colonel Lawrence and his Biographers’ in Islam in the Modern World (hereafter IMW), (London: Mansell, 1980), p.265.

L. Hart, T.E. Lawrence (London: Jonathan Cape, 1934).

IMW, pp.272 – 3.

EME, pp.119 – 22.

The Chatham House Version (hereafter CHV), new edn, (New Hampshire: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1984), pp.33 – 51.

E. Kedourie, Arabic Political Memoirs (hereafter APM), (London: Frank Cass, 1974), p.235.

EME, p.122.

Ibid., p.131.

Ibid., p.42.

Ibid., p.57.

David Garnett (ed.) The Letters of T.E. Lawrence (London: Jonathan Cape, 1938), p.282.

EME, p.110.

Subsequently, Kedourie briefly acknowledges the implications of Russia's withdrawal for the agreement. Ibid, p.134.

EME, p.122.

Cited in J. Marlowe, Late Victorian (London: 1967), p.165; see also P. Sluglett, Britain in Iraq, 1914 – 1921 (London: Ithaca Press, 1976), pp.20 – 41.

G. Antonius, The Arab Awakening (hereafter AA) (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1938, reprinted 1945), p.248.

B. Westrate, The Arab Bureau (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992); J. Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia (London: Heinemann, 1989).

AA, pp.137 – 8.

Ibid., p.169.

E. Kedourie, In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth (hereafter IAAL), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), p.177.

Ibid., p.109.

McMahon made a link with the evacuation in a letter quoted, ibid, p.111. Further factors are mentioned in a note dated 28 April 1916 written by H.A. Grant, Foreign Secretary of the Government of India. While expressing extreme scepticism about the merits of Cairo's Arab policy, Grant conceded that at the time (presumably October, 1915) a threat to India would have existed had an Arab jihad been coupled with a general jihad in Persia and Afghanistan. (Chelmsford papers. Mss Eur. E. 264/2 [part 2], p.47.

Ibid., p.120.

Ibid., p.98.

‘In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: Genesis of a History’, in IMW, p.300.

E. Marmorstein, ‘A Note on “Damascus, Homs, Hama and Aleppo”’ in St Antony's Papers XI, 1961. It should be noted that the order in which the four towns are named in documents and other discussions changes repeatedly before and after McMahon's letter of 24 October.

IAAL, pp.87 – 8.

A.L. Tibawi, Anglo-Arab Relations and the Question of Palestine, 1914 – 1921 (London: Luzac, 1977), pp.77 – 8.

IAAL, p.106.

Tibawi, op.cit., pp.82 – 91. I. Friedman, The Question of Palestine (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973) discusses the same point but omits an important part of the quotation from McMahon's 26 October despatch and goes on to claim, without warranty, that the territory about which McMahon was doubtful in respect of French claims was Palestine.

Wilson, op cit., p.213.

Reprinted in CHV, pp.13 – 32.

R. Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984), pp.248 – 55.

Wilson, op cit., p.215.

IAAL, p.318.

IMW, p.313.

CHV, p.ix.

CHV, p.375.

Ibid., p.388.

Ibid., p.391.

APM, p.275.

Ibid., p.vii.

See his essay on ‘The Kingdom of Iraq’ in CHV, p.262.

IMW, 198.

J. Darwin, Britain, Egypt and the Middle East (London: Macmillan, 1981).

CHV, p.121.

Ibid., p.136.

M. Kramer, Islam Assembled (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), pp.86 – 105. Loraine's remark is quoted on p.105.

‘Great Britain and Palestine: the Turning Point’ in IMW, pp.93 – 170.

Ibid., p.138.

Ibid., p.128.

Ibid., p.134.

Palestine Partition Commission: Report, 1938. Cmd.5854.

IMW, pp.239 – 48.

Ibid., p.240.

Ibid., p.241.

Ibid., p.242.

‘The Arab-Israeli Conflict’, in APM, pp.219 – 28.

‘Religion and Politics’, CHV, p.318.

‘Arabs Ancient and Modern’, in APM, p.164.

S.G. Haim (ed.), Arab Nationalism, an Anthology (Berkeley: University of Californa Press, 1962); Z.N. Zeine, The Emergence of Arab Nationalism (Beirut: Khayats, 1966); A. Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798 – 1939, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962); and C.E. Dawn, From Ottomanism to Arabism, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973).

‘The Impact of the Young Turk Revolution on the Arabic-Speaking Provinces of the Ottoman empire’ in APM.

N. Keddie, Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972). The full biography appeared after Kedourie's book was published.

CHV, pp.213 – 235.

E. Kedourie, Nationalism, Fourth Expanded Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), p.141.

In M. Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.166.