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Middle Eastern Studies Volume 42, 2006 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

On the importance of irrigation in Iranian agriculture

Ahmad Seyf
Pages 659-673 | Published online: 17 Jul 2006
 
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Notes

1. B. Fisher, ‘Irrigation System of Persia’, Geographical Review, Vol.18 (1928), pp.302–6.

2. M. Ravandi, Tarikh-e Ijtemai-e Iran, Vol.3 (Tehran, 1977), pp.79–80; H. Goblot, ‘Le Probleme de l'eau en Iran’, in C. Issawi (ed.), Economic History of Iran (Chicago, 1971), pp.214–9.

3. M. Fushs, ‘Climate and Irrigation’, in B. Yaron, E. Danfors and Y. Vaadia (eds.), Arid Zone Irrigation (New York: Springer Verlag, 1973), p.4.

4. M. Ravandi, Tarikh-e Ijtemai-e Iran, Vol.3 (Tehran, 1977), p.243.

5. Ibid., p.243.

6. P. Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, Journal of Iran Society, Vol.1, No.4 (1952), pp.125–33.

7. Ibid, p.131.

8. Naval Intelligence Division, Persia, Geographical Handbook Series B.R. 525 (London, 1945), p.423.

9. Ibid., pp.423–33.

10. R.L. Fitt, ‘Irrigation Development in Central Persia’, Royal Central Asian Journal, Vol.40, No.2 (1953), pp.124–33.

11. Goblot, pp.217–19.

12. Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, p.125.

13. D.S. Thornton, Utilisation and Management of Water Resources (Reading, 1975), p.2.

14. Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, p.123.

15. G. Kouros (ed.), Ab va Fan-e Abyari dar Iran-e Bastan (Tehran, 1975), p.150.

16. G.C. Napier, Collection of Journal and Reports on Special Duty in Persia, 1874, Strictly Confidential (London, 1876), p.225.

17. P. Beckett, ‘Qanats Around Kerman’, Journal of Royal Central Asian Society, Vol.40 (1953), pp.47–56.

18. Ibid., p.56.

19. Cited in, Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, p.128.

20. E. Noel, ‘Qanats’, Journal of Royal Central Asian Society, No.31 (1944), pp.191–202.

21. Ibid., p.191.

22. Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, pp.125–6.

23. J.M. Kinnier, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire (London, 1813), p.54.

24. Lady Sheil, Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia (London, 1856), p.109.

25. M.V. Theilmann, Journey in the Caucasus, Persia…, 2 vols (London, 1875), Vol.1, p.65.

26. S.G. Wilson, Persian Life and Customs (London, 1896), p.166.

27. A. Seyf, ‘Some Aspects of Economic Development in Iran, 1800–1906’ (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading, 1982), pp.119–23.

28. E.C. Ross, Consular Report [hereafter, CR] ‘Persian Gulf', Parliamentary Accounts & Papers [hereafter PAP] 1880 LXXV (not paginated).

29. M.J. Meade, CR ‘Persian Gulf', 1896, PAP 1898 XCVII (not paginated).

30. M.J. Meade, CR ‘Persian Gulf', PAP 1900 XCV (not paginated).

31. Kinnier, pp.30–31.

32. For 1810, see ibid., p.47; for 1839, see M.A. Jamalzadeh, ‘Some Aspects of Labour Conditions in Persian Agriculture’, The Asiatic Review (1935), p.118; for 1853, ibid., p.118; for 1889, C.N. Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question (London, 1892), Vol.11, p.481; for 1907, Jamalzadeh, p.119.

33. E.C. Ross, CR ‘Persian Gulf', PAP 1888 LXXIII (not paginated).

34. A. Herbert, CR ‘The Present State of Persia and her Mineral Resources’, PAP 1886 LXII (not paginated).

35. M. Durand, Memorandum on the Situation in Persia, 1895, F.O. Confidential Prints, No.6704, p.11.

36. M. Fard-Saidi, ‘The Early Phases of Political Modernization in Iran 1870–1925’ (Ph.D. thesis, Pennsylvania University, 1974), p.90.

37. Foreign Office, Memorandum Respecting Financial Assistance to Persia, 1903, Confidential Print, No.7984, p.2.

38. J.R. Preece, CR ‘Journey made…’, PAP 1894 LXXXVII, pp.17, 28, 35.

39. H.L. Rabino, CR ‘Asterabad’, PAP 1909 XCVII (not paginated).

40. I.P. Petrushevsky, Keshavarzi va Monasebat-e Arzi dar Iran… (Tehran, 1965), Vol.II, pp.5–83; E. Stack, Six Months in Persia (London, 1882), Vol.2, ch.11.

41. Petrushevsky, p.198.

42. Ibid., p.196.

43. Beckett, ‘Qanats in Persia’, p.128.

44. M. Butler, ‘Irrigation in Persia by Kanats’, Civil Engineering (1933), p.71.

45. A. Seyf, Eqtesad-e Iran dar Gharn-e Noozdahom, Nashr Cheshmeh (Tehran, 1993).

46. E.C. Ross, CR ‘Persian Gulf’, 1874, PAP 1880 LXXIII (not paginated).

47. E.C. Ross, CR ‘Persian Gulf’, 1878, PAP 1888 LXXIII (not paginated).

48. E.C. Ross, CR ‘Persian Gulf’, PAP 1882 LXX (not paginated).

49. A.C. Talbot, CR ‘Persian Gulf’, PAP 1893/94 XCV (not paginated).

50. Fisher, p.305.

51. S.G.W. Benjamin, Persian and the Persians (London, 1887), p.410.

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