Micellization of phenothiazine drug and nonionic surfactant TX-165 mixture in different composition and media: surface tension and UV-visible study

ABSTRACT

Micelles serve as a replica for the investigation of bio-membranes as physicochemical association of drugs with micelles is envisioned as their interconnection with bio-membranes. Micellization properties of promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) with TX-165 (a nonionic surfactant) in aqueous, 50 mmolkg⁻¹ NaCl and 500 mmolkg⁻¹ urea solutions were analysed in detail using surface tension measuring tool. PMT is employed as an analgesic, anticholinergic, sedative, antihistaminic as well as antipsychotic drug. UV-visible spectroscopy is also utilised to evaluate PMT-TX-165 interactions in an aqueous solution. Pure constituent and their mixtures (PMT + TX-165) of each composition showed lower cmc value in NaCl than in the aqueous system, while urea-containing solutions showed higher cmc value. Increasing the mole fraction (α₁) of TX-165 in mixed systems increases the interaction between the employed constituents (PMT and TX-165). The evaluated Gibbs free energy $(\mathrm{\Delta }{G}_{\text{m}}^{\circ })$ values of singular, and mixed system in each media were attained negative that uncovering that each system depicted the spontaneity of micellization. Various thermodynamic parameters were examined and discussed thoroughly. A UV-visible measurement also confirms that the components interact in treaty with surface tension measurements. Based on the results of this study, TX-165 was designed in a forthright manner, which could be an efficient drug delivery vehicle for phenothiazine drugs.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Micelles
• drug
• interaction
• surface tension
• UV-visible

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R53), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.