The micellization of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cefixime trihydrate mixture: investigation of the effects of sodium-based electrolytes and temperatures on the physico-chemical parameters and interaction forces

ABSTRACT

This study exposes the influence of sodium electrolytes and temperature on the interaction forces between tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and antibiotic cefixime trihydrate (CMT). The results highlight the significance of considering temperature (from 300.55 to 320.55 K) and electrolytes (NaBr, Na₂SO₄, Na₃PO₄, and CH₃COONa (NaOAc)) effects when designing drug formulations. Conductometric method was utilised to compute and understand physicochemical parameters occurring during drug-surfactant micellization. The addition of sodium electrolytes favours the micellization of the TTAB and CMT system in aq. salts solution (a decrease of CMC was acquired) except at higher NaOAc concentrations. In all the solvents used herein, the CMC values were detected to be increased with the escalation of working temperature. The $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_m^o$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_m^o$ expose the survival of hydrophobic interaction involving TTAB and CMT drug in aq. medium whereas both electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction are in function in aq. salts medium. As an extension of the thermodynamic assessment, the molar heat capacity $\left(\mathrm{\Delta }{C}_m^0\right)$ were estimated and discussed. The thermodynamics of transfer ($\mathrm{\Delta }{G}_{m,\mathrm{tr}}^0$, $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{m,\mathrm{tr}}^0$, and $\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_{m,\mathrm{tr}}^0$) and enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters for TTAB + CMT micelles were also analysed. This comprehension of drug-surfactant interaction holds utmost significance in the development of efficient drug formulations and the optimisation of drug delivery techniques.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• CMT drug
• drug-surfactant interaction
• sodium electrolyte
• physico-chemical properties
• thermodynamics

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R360), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. K. M. Anis-Ul-Haque is thankful to ‘Dr. M. A. Wazed Miah Institute of Advance Studies and Research’ of Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh for providing financial support to carry out a part of the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R360), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.