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SUMMARY
A brief review of the taxonomic history of the order Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes) is presented. A modified characterization of the Hypocreales with one family, Hypocreaceae, and the acceptance and characterization of the Clavicipitales with one family, Clavicipitaceae, are given together with a key to the orders of the Ascomycetes subclass Ascomycetidae, and keys to the genera of the Hypocreales and the Clavicipitales. A total of 104 genera are tentatively maintained in the Hypocreales; 33 additional genera are indicated in synonymy. A total of 23 genera are included in the Clavicipitales, an additional 8 are indicated in synonymy.