Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces

ABSTRACT

Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus Golovinomyces and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of Golovinomyces spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species, G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and G. reginae are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of Erysiphe sparsa (≡ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of G. valerianae reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.

KEYWORDS:

• Erysiphaceae
• evolution
• GAPDH
• Helotiales
• powdery mildews
• rDNA
• 3 new taxa

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the curatorial team at FH for helping with the herbarium specimens and the staff of the Arnold Arboretum for allowing access to collect fresh specimens. We would also like to thank Tom Potterfield and Elan Alford from the Mt. Cuba Center, Cindy Newlander from the Denver Botanical Garden, Swarnalatha Moparthi from North Carolina State University, Erin Buchholz at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, Anna Bower from Lotusland Botanic Garden, Daniel Murphy from the Idaho Botanical Garden, and Timur Bulgakov for help with specimen collection.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2022.2115419

Additional information

Funding

We would like to thank the Harvard University Herbaria Research Fellowship, the Daniel E. Stuntz Memorial Foundation, the Puget Sound Mycological Society, and the Sonoma County Mycological Association for funding this research.