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Abstract
Paspalum-dominant pastures suffer from poor winter/spring herbage production, which can be corrected by direct-drilling cool-season-active species such as ryegrass. The growth and persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) direct-drilled into a paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-dominant, rotationally grazed dairy pasture, and their effects on production, were studied over 5 years. Treatments were original pasture (control) and herbicide treatment with 0, 0.72, 1.44, and 2.16 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate (Roundup® herbicide, 36% glyphosate) before direct-drilling. Observations on tagged ryegrass and white clover plants found establishment plant numbers for ryegrass were 74% higher (788 plants/m2) in herbicide-treated than in untreated areas (452 plants/m2). Half of all tagged ryegrass plants disappeared in the first year after which losses were much reduced. The establishment and survival of tagged white clover plants were poor. Paspalum gradually re-infested the herbicide-treated areas and by the end of the fourth year had reached pretreatment levels of 30–40% of dry matter (DM). Application of glyphosate before drilling produced a 38% increase in winter/spring herbage accumulation in the first year, but this advantage declined and was non-significant by the end of the fourth year.