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National and transnational developments

History of education in Brazil: the construction of a knowledge field

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Pages 822-829 | Received 22 Jun 2014, Accepted 10 Jul 2014, Published online: 18 Sep 2014
 

Abstract

This article analyses the general characteristics of the construction of the field of history of education in Brazil. To do so, it highlights the existing historiography and aims to describe the process of institutionalisation of this knowledge field, which, in general terms, has been focused on the area of teacher training. Since the nineteenth century, however, it has also been possible to identify systematic historiographical efforts in Brazil that are not directly related to the school system, but rather to the teaching of and research into the history of education within Brazilian universities. The article addresses the organisation of the field, the ways in which it has been structured and the strategies of academic legitimisation employed to achieve this. These include the regular production of dissertations and doctoral theses, the publication of books and journals, academic events and the creation of research groups and scientific associations, through which research findings have found national and international circulation. This set of indicators creates conditions for an understanding of the expansion and reconfiguration of the field of history of education that began in the 1980s, as well as of the challenges this phenomenon presents to current historiography and teacher training in Brazil.

Notes

1 Michel de Certeau, A escrita da história (Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 1982).

2 In the scope of the Working Group in History of Education of ANPEd, cf. the set of works collected in José Gondra, ed., Pesquisa em História da Educação no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: DP&A, 2005). The most recent work to which we had access was Diana Vidal’s chapter, “Écrire l’histoire de l’éducation: Le champ et la carte (1880–2010),” in Le Brésil territoire d’histoire: Historiographie du Brésil contemporain, ed. Denis Rolland, Marie-José Ferreira Santos. and Simele Rodrigues (Paris: L´Harmattan, 2013), 201–214.

3 We extracted the following pioneer works on systematisation of Brazilian eduaction’s historiographical tendencies: Clarice Nunes, “A instrução pública e a primeira história sistematizada da educação brasileira,” Cadernos de Pesquisa, no. 93 (May 1995): 51–9; Clarice Nunes, “Ensino e historiografia da educação: Problematização de uma hipótese,” Revista Brasileira de Educação, no. 1 (January–April 1996): 67–79; M. M. C de Carvalho, “A História da Educação no Brasil,” in M. M. C de Carvalho, A escola e a república e outros ensaios (Bragança Paulista: EDUSF, 2003), 281–312; M. M. C. de Carvalho, “L’histoire de l’éducation au Brésil: Traditions historiographiques et processus de rénovation de la discipline,” Paedagogica Historica 36 (2000): 909–33; Mirian Jorge Warde and M. M. C. de Carvalho, “Política e cultura na produção da história da educação no Brasil,” Contemporaneidade e Educação 5, no. 7 (1st semester 2000): 9–33; Mirian Jorge Warde, “Questões teóricas e de método: A História da Educação nos marcos de uma história das disciplinas,” in História e história da educação: o debate teórico-metodológico atual, 3rd ed., ed. Dermeval Saviani, José Claudinei Lombardi, and José Luis Sanfelice (Campinas, SP: Autores Associados: HISTEDBR, 2006).

4 José Carlos Souza Araújo, Anamaria Gonçalves Bueno de Freitas, and Antônio de Pádua Carvalho Lopes, eds., As Escolas Normais no Brasil do Império à República (Campinas, SP: Alínea, 2008).

5 C. S. Bissolli da Silva, Curso de Pedagogia no Brasil: História e identidade (Campinas: Autores Associados, 2003).

6 The school census collects data about establishments, enrolments, teaching functions, movement and school performance: www.inep.gov.br (accessed September 5, 2014).

7 Cf. Mirian Warde, “Brincando nos campos do senhor: Anotações para uma história da formação de professores e do ensino da História da Educação no Brasil,” in O Ensino de História da Educação, eds. Marta Maria Chagas Carvalho and Décio Gatti Jr (Vitória: EDUFES, 2011), 305–35; Luiz Carlos Barreira, “Ensino de História da Educação na Pós-Graduação em Educação no Brasil, na década de 1980: Uma experiência revisitada,” in O Ensino de História da Educação, eds. Marta Maria Chagas Carvalho and Décio Gatti Jr (Vitória: EDUFES, 2011), 211–41.

8 Carlos Eduardo Vieira, “A escrita da História da Educação no Brasil: formando professores através de noções de história,” in História da educação na América Latina: Ensinar & escrever, eds. José Gondra and José Cláudio Silva (Rio de Janeiro: EDUERJ, 2011), 83–113; José Gondra and José Claudio S. Silva, “Textbooks in the History of Education: Notas para pensar as narrativas de Paul Monroe, Stephen Duggan e Afranio Peixoto,” Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 92, no. 232 (September–December 2011): 702–22; http://rbep.inep.gov.br/index.php/RBEP/article/viewFile/1875/1743 (accessed September 5, 2014).

9 Luciano Mendes Faria Filho and José Roberto Gomes Rodrigues, “A História da Educação programada: Uma aproximação da História da Educação ensinada nos cursos de Pedagogia em Belo Horizonte,” Revista Brasileira de História da Educação, 3, no. 2 [6], (July-December 2003): 159–75; http://www.rbhe.sbhe.org.br/index.php/rbhe/article/view/221 (accessed September 5, 2014).

10 Ana Maria de Oliveira Galvão, Dislane Zerbinatti Moraes, and José Gonçalves Gondra, “Difusão, apropriação e produção do saber histórico,” Revista Brasileira de História da Educação 8, no. 1 [16] (January-April 2008): 171–234; http://www.rbhe.sbhe.org.br/index.php/rbhe/article/view/113 (accessed September 5, 2014).

11 The 3,337 graduate programmes total 5,082 courses, made up of 2,903 masters degrees, 1,792 doctorates and 397 professional masters degrees. The graduate courses currently have 56,890 permanent professors and 1.5 million articles, books and technical productions have been produced. To have an idea of the impact of the graduate system, according to official data, between 2002 and 2011, the number of those achieving a masters degree increased by 75.2% (from 24,444 to 42,830) and the number achieving a doctorate increased by some 77.2% (from 6894 to 12,217). See Pedro Matos, “Resultados da Avaliação da Capes revelam que pós-graduação teve crescimento de 23% no triênio,” December 10, 2013, http://www.capes.gov.br/36-noticias/6689-resultados-da-avaliacao-da-capes-revelam-que (accessed September 5, 2014).

12 Cf. “Sociedade Brasileira de História da Educação, 1999–2014,” www.sbhe.org.br (accessed September 5, 2014).

14 “Revista História da Educação,” http://seer.ufrgs.br/asphe (accessed September 5, 2014); “Revista Brasileira de História da Educação,” http://www.rbhe.sbhe.org.br/index.php/rbhe (accessed September 5, 2014); “Cadernos de História da Educação,” http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/che/ (accessed September 5, 2014); “Revista Histedbr On-Line,” http://www.fe.unicamp.br/revistas/ged/histedbr/index (accessed September 5, 2014).

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