Abstract
The diagnosis of haematological malignancies has begun to emerge as a distinct pathological discipline in the United Kingdom. This has been driven by the recommendation of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence that diagnosis of leukaemia and lymphoma should take place in a specialist laboratory and in most cases this should be organised on a regional basis. The reason for this guidance was the perception that there was a considerable level of diagnostic inaccuracy and that this could be improved by better integration of the currently available technologies. This is one of a number of major changes in the way that services to patients are being delivered, all of which are centred on the development of multidisciplinary teams responsible for the provision of local services.
The introduction of the WHO classification of haematological malignancy provides a structure for the development of integrated haemtopathology laboratories, with its emphasis on definition of disease entities based on clinical, morphological, phenotypical and molecular features. This means that these diagnostic modalities can be used systematically and in parallel to provide effective cross validation of a diagnosis. One of the challenges raised by this approach is the selection of the most informative panels of investigations both at presentation and subsequent follow up from the wide range of options that are now available.
The introduction of specialist haematopathology services in the United Kingdom has highlighted a number of scientific and organisational issues that in time may have a wider impact on diagnostic laboratories in general. These include the relationship between size and cost effectiveness and the future role of clinical scientists and medically trained pathologists. Integrated laboratories of the type being developed challenge the prevailing model for delivery of pathological services in the United Kingdom, which is based around the traditional pathology disciplines. These speciality boundaries will become less relevant as long established diagnostic techniques are replaced by the new generation of diagnostic technologies and it is important to establish frameworks of service delivery that can deploy these developments for the benefit of patients.