Tasmania

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Notes

[Raphaël Lemkin Papers, Manuscript and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundation. Iam grateful to the NYPL for permission to publish this original typescript, which is transcribed here as faithfully as is practicable. Underlined words are here given in italics and double quotation marks have been altered to single quotation marks, as per the journal's house style. The original is for the most part a fair copy but there are occasional cancellations and revisions, both typed and added later by hand. Only those revisions that can be construed as substantive are given here in footnotes. Obvious typographical errors and spelling mistakes have been silently corrected. Editorial interventions are given in square brackets. If Lemkin typed quoted material as a separate paragraph, it is set here as a displayed quotation; if he included it within a paragraph, his typescript has been followed. Lemkin's own footnotes have been cited not as they appear in the typescript but in the journal's house style, and are numbered consecutively throughout the text (rather than beginning with ‘1’ on each page as in the typescript). All additional material in the footnotes is in square brackets.]

edited by Ann Curthoys

[Tasman did not actually see or meet any Aboriginal people during his time in Tasmania. His comments were based on what he thought they might be like.]

[Lemkin originally wrote ‘They are of negroid stock . . .’ but, later, revised it by hand to ‘They were of negroid stock’.]

James Bonwick, The Last of the Tasmanians; or, The Black War of Van Diemen's Land (London: Sampson Low 1870), 30.

[Waddies: man-made tools for hunting small animals and birds.]

[Corrobory: ceremony, usually now ‘corroboree’.]

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 34.

Ibid.

[Lemkin's footnote was ‘Muster Book of 1810 &c.’, which was quoted in Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 40.]

[Quoted in Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 73–5. Lemkin did not provide a footnote for this quotation.]

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 77–8.

[Lemkin originally wrote ‘. . . it was felt that perhaps isolation was the only remedy’, but later deleted ‘perhaps’ by hand.]

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 77–8.

James Backhouse Walker, Early Tasmania: Papers Read before the Royal Society of Tasmania during the Years 1888 to 1899 (Hobart: J. Vail 1902), 234.

Quoted in Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 212. Lemkin did not provide a footnote for this quotation.

[Lemkin is referring to George Augustus Robinson.]

[The correct date is 1876.]

H. Ling Roth, ‘Is Mrs F. C. Smith a “last living Aboriginal of Tasmania”?’, Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 27, 1898, 451–4 (451).

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 58.

Ibid., 59.

Ibid., 61.

Ibid.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 60.

James Backhouse, Extracts from the Letters of James Backhouse, Now Engaged in a Religious Visit to Van Diemen's Land, and New South Wales, Accompanied by George Washington Walker (London: Harvey and Darton 1838–41). [Lemkin's note cites Backhouse, which he misdates 1878, but the passage is quoted in Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 61.]

Ibid., 65.

Ibid., 288, 289.

Ibid., 298.

Journal of George Washington Walker. [This passage is quoted in Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 304.]

Ibid.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 311.

R. W. Giblin, The Early History of Tasmania, vol. 2 (1804–28) (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press 1939), 162.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 59.

Giblin, Early History of Tasmania, Appendix A.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 62.

Ibid., 64.

Ibid., 184.

Ibid., 248.

Ibid., 333.

Ibid., 347.

J. E. Calder, ‘Some account of the wars, extirpation, and habits etc. of the native tribes of Tasmania’, Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 3, 1874, 7–29.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 254.

Ibid., 232.

Ibid., 256.

Ibid., 277.

[Actually 1876.]

[Lemkin's note was ‘Henry Melville—Australasia and Immigration, London 1857’ but he was probably citing Henry Melville, Australasia and Prison Discipline (London: Charles Cox 1851).]

Francis Russell Nixon, The Cruise of the Beacon: A Narrative of a Visit to the Islands in Bass's Straits (London: Bell and Daldy 1857).

Herman Merivale, Lectures on Colonization and Colonies, Delivered before the University of Oxford in 1839, 1840, and 1841 (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans 1841), Lecture 18. [Both versions of this section are identical to this point. The next two paragraphs do not appear in the earlier version, which has instead the following paragraph: ‘In a report to the Aborigines Committee, Sir John Franklin, the Governor of Van Dieman's Land and My Lord Glenelg, strongly recommended … ‘‘That any asylum should be given to them (the natives) at Port Philip, on the coast of New Holland, the expense of their maintenance to be paid by Van Dieman's Land. But even this miserable boon, my Lord, has been refused them, on the ground of their not being sufficiently civilized and Christianized yet.… [sic no closing quotation mark]’.]

[The correct title of the paper is Colonial Times.]

John West, The History of Tasmania, 2 vols (Launceston: Henry Dowling 1852).

Despatch from Sir George Murray, Secretary of State for the Colonies, to Governor Arthur, 5 November 1830; Copies of All Correspondence between Lieutenant-Governor Arthur and His Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, British Parliamentary Papers, 1831 (259), XIX, 56.

[This paragraph, in the earlier version, did not sit here but followed the final paragraph (beginning ‘The Penny Cyclopaedia …’); it was, in other words, the last paragraph of the essay.]

Report of the Sixth Annual Meeting of Aborigines’ Protection Society, 22 May 1843.

Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, 351.

Ibid.

[There are two versions of this section. One has been constructed by cutting and pasting and is, therefore, taken to be the version representing Lemkin's later intentions. This is the text reproduced here; differences from the first, presumably earlier, version are given in footnotes.]

[See note 31.]

[See note 14.]

[See note 4. Bonwick was Lemkin's principal source.]

[Report from the Select Committee on Aborigines (British Settlements); With the Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index, British Parliamentary Papers, 1837 (425), VII.]

[See note 23.]

[James Fenton, A History of Tasmania from Its Discovery in 1642 to the Present Time (Hobart: J. Walch 1884). No publication of this text by Macmillan has been traced.]

[See notes 18 and 40.]