Predictors of urinary incontinence between abdominal obesity and non-obese male adults

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To investigate factors that may be associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in abdominal obese and non-obese adult males.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 2671 men (≥40 years of age) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008). We define abdominal obesity as a waist circumference >102 cm. Men with Incontinence Severity Index ≥3 were defined as having UI. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with stress and urge UI.

Results: Multivariate analysis found that in abdominal obese men, stress UI was associated with enlarged prostate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–4.16), chronic respiratory tract disease (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55–4.97), and major depression (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 1.79–12.84). In non-obese men, arthritis was associated with stress UI (odds ratio = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.06–10.73). Urge UI in abdominally obese men was associated with age ≥65 years (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05–2.67), being non-Hispanic black (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.52), and with enlarged prostate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.54–3.40), arthritis (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03–1.88), and major depression (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.89–4.64). Urge UI in non-obese men was associated with current smoking (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.01–3.17), major depression (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.33–5.09) and vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01–2.59).

Conclusion: Factors associated with urinary incontinence varied with abdominal obesity status and type of UI. The findings identify important contributors to urinary incontinence that clinicians should consider to help manage and effectively treat the condition.

KEYWORDS:

• Urinary incontinence
• abdominal obesity
• waist circumference
• stress urinary incontinence
• urge urinary incontinence

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Additional information

Funding

This manuscript was not funded.