The association between bedtime at night and hypertension in adults

ABSTRACT

Objective

This research was conducted to explore the association between bedtime at night and the prevalence of hypertension in adults.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 14,536 participants with data from the NHANES database. Bedtime was determined from the question in the sleep questionnaire: ‘What time do you usually fall asleep on weekdays or workdays?.’ Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or having been told by a doctor to have high blood pressure, or taking antihypertensive medication. We conducted a weighted multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between bedtime at night and the prevalence of hypertension in adults.

Results

The association between bedtime and hypertension showed a significantly U-shaped relationship. People who went to bed at 23:00 had the lowest risk of developing hypertension (OR, 0.68 [95%CI, 0.58, 0.81]). This U-shaped association still existed in different genders. In males (n = 7159), the adjusted OR was still lowest at 23:00. However, the adjusted OR was lowest at 0:00 in females(n = 7377). The interaction effect between bedtime and gender was significant (P = 0.0187).

Conclusion

With the delay in bedtime, the association between bedtime and hypertension showed a significantly U-shaped relationship. Falling asleep at 23:00 has the lowest risk of developing hypertension.

KEYWORDS:

• bedtime
• hypertension
• NHANES

Declaration of financial/other relationships

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Data availability statement

All the data sets used are freely available in [National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)] at [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm].

Author contributions

Conception and design: Yingjie Su, Ning Ding; Administrative support: Xiangping Chai; Provision of study materials or patients: Xiangping Chai; Collection and assembly of data: Yingjie Su, Yang Zhou, Guifang Yang; Data analysis and interpretation: Yingjie Su, Ning Ding; Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

Ethics statement

The ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics approved all NHANES protocols, and written informed consents were obtained from all participants or their proxies. All the experiment protocol for involving humans was in accordance to guidelines of national/international/institutional or Declaration of Helsinki in the manuscript.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2022.2144031

Additional information

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2019SK2022).