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ARTICLES

Using Cooperative Water Quality Data for a Holistic Understanding of Rivers and Streams: A Study of the Neponset River, Massachusetts

Pages 364-378 | Received 01 Jun 2009, Accepted 01 Jan 2010, Published online: 14 Apr 2011
 

Abstract

Water quality studies seeking to identify modes or processes of river systems often use targeted, research-designed, high-frequency data, whereas most water quality data today are collected for monitoring and reporting requirements are of low frequency and are collected through cooperative and volunteer programs. There exists in this situation an information gap between the science of understanding river system dynamics and the collection of data in most of these systems. Using data collected by volunteers in the Neponset Watershed (Massachusetts, U.S.), we demonstrate that multivariate analysis is a viable option for enhancing the use and information of spatially distributed, long-term monitoring data sets common in the United States. Additionally, the geographic, environmental, and time line information inherent in these community-maintained data leads to a more complete picture of river and stream dynamics. Principal component analyses of three distinct reaches with different channel characteristics and surrounding environments demonstrate differences in dominant modes, with undeveloped stretches driven by seasonal processes, and other stretches exhibiting organic or nutrient sources. This type of information can bridge gaps from problem identification or monitoring to a more complete understanding of river system processes influencing water quality, thereby leading to better stewardship of resources.

Los estudios de calidad del agua que buscan identificar los modos o procesos de los sistemas fluviales a menudo utilizan datos de alta frecuencia, específicos y diseñados con criterio investigativo, en tanto que ahora la mayor parte de los datos sobre calidad del agua son generados para monitoreo, y los que se requieren para efectos de informes son de frecuencia de flujo y se obtienen por medio de programas cooperativos y de voluntariado. En esta situación se presenta una brecha de información entre la ciencia que busca entender la dinámica de los sistemas fluviales y la recolección de datos en la mayoría de estos sistemas. Mediante el uso de datos recogidos por voluntarios en la Cuenca del Neponset (Massachusetts, EE.UU.), demostramos que el análisis multivariado es una opción viable para mejorar el uso e información de conjuntos de datos de monitoreo a largo plazo distribuidos espacialmente, lo cual es común en Estados Unidos. Adicionalmente, la información timeline[línea cronológica], geográfica y ambiental inherente a estos datos mantenidos por la comunidad permite obtener un cuadro más completo de la dinámica de ríos y corrientes. Los análisis de componentes principales de tres distintas extensiones con diferentes características de los cauces y del medio circundante demuestran la existencia de diferencias en los modos de dominio, con sectores subdesarrollados controlados por procesos estacionales y otros sectores que exhiben fuentes de nutrientes u orgánicas. Este tipo de información puede salvar brechas desde la identificación de problemas o monitoreo hasta una más completa comprensión de los procesos de sistemas fluviales que influyen en la calidad del agua, llevando así a una mejor mayordomía de los recursos.

Acknowledgments

JENNIFER SALEEM ARRIGO is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include water quality, hydroclimate variability, and water resources planning for climate change.

Notes

This work was supported by East Carolina University. The author would like to thank the Neponset River Watershed Association for their cooperation, and Dr. Geoffrey Abers and three anonymous reviews for their help and suggestions in reviewing and improving this article.

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