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Abstract
Many researchers have explored the relationships between land use and transportation via the jobs–housing balance concept. This type of research involves the disaggregation of commuter groups to understand variances in the relationship between land use and transportation outcomes. Disaggregation by commuter age has not been considered, however. To address this gap, we analyze spatially and temporally disaggregate census data for five areas in Florida. Using several jobs–housing balance metrics we compare and contrast the outcomes of different commuter age groups, across different geographies, and over time (2002–2011). Generally, commutes vary more by region than they do by any age category of commuter. Most of the differences in the commute metrics among the older age group tend to depend on where those commuters live. The results also suggest that there are more efficient and less sprawling commuting landscapes for older workers located near other older workers.
诸多研究者，已透过工作—居住平衡之概念，探讨土地使用和运输之间的关联性。此一研究类型，涉及划分通勤族群，以理解土地使用和运输结果之间的关联性中的变异。以通勤者的年龄进行划分，却尚未被纳入考量。为了处理此一阙如，我们分析佛罗里达五个地区在时间上与空间上的划分普查数据。我们运用数个工作—居住平衡度量，比较不同年龄的通勤族群、在不同的地理中、以及随着时间（2002 至 2011 年）所产生的结果。一般而言，通勤在各区域之间，较任何以通勤族的年龄分类而言差异更大。较老年群体的通勤度量之差异，倾向取决于这些通勤者居住于何处。研究结果同时显示，与其他同龄者比邻而居的较老年工作者，拥有更为高效率、且较少扩散的通勤地景。
Muchos investigadores han explorado las relaciones entre el uso del suelo y el transporte por medio del concepto del balance empleo-vivienda. Este tipo de investigación implica la desagregación de grupos de viajeros pendulares para entender las varianzas en la relación entre uso del suelo y resultados del transporte. Sin embargo, la desagregación por edad del viajero pendular no ha sido considerada. Para enfrentar este vacío, analizamos espacial y temporalmente datos censales desagregados de cinco áreas de la Florida. Utilizando varios sistemas de medida del balance empleo–vivienda, comparamos y contrastamos los resultados correspondientes a diferentes grupos de edad de viajeros pendulares, a través de diferentes geografías y del tiempo (2002–2011). Generalmente, los viajes al trabajo varían más por región que por cualquier categoría de edad de los viajeros pendulares. La mayoría de las diferencias en la métrica de este tipo de viajes entre el grupo de mayor edad tienden a depender de donde realmente viven esos viajeros. Los resultados también sugieren que hay más paisajes de viaje pendular más eficientes y de menor dispersión para los trabajadores más viejos localizados cerca de otros trabajadores de más edad.
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Funding
This work was completed while the first author was supported in part by a grant from the Center for Safe and Accessible Transportation for an Aging Population (ASAP) at the Florida State University (ASAP is a Tier-I University Transportation Center funded by U.S. Department of Transportation Grant DTRT13-G-UTC42). This article reflects the views of the authors and not necessarily those of ASAP or the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Mark W. Horner
MARK W. HORNER is a Professor in the Department of Geography at Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include GIS, transportation, and urban geography.
Daniel K. Schleith
DANIEL K. SCHLEITH is a PhD student in the Department of Geography at the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45220. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include cities and transportation.
Michael J. Widener
MICHAEL J. WIDENER is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Toronto–St. George, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include GIS, health, urban geography, and transportation.