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Articles

Does Better Spatial Access Lead to Better Use of Prenatal Care? A Population Study in Georgia

Pages 363-373 | Received 01 Mar 2017, Accepted 01 Aug 2017, Published online: 27 Nov 2017
 

Abstract

Understanding the effect of spatial accessibility on service utilization is essential to facilitate prenatal care delivery. Previous studies suggest that mothers with better spatial access are more likely to receive adequate prenatal care. Their conclusions, however, are limited by use of small samples and inappropriate spatial accessibility measurements. This article examines the role of spatial accessibility in explaining the variation of prenatal care utilization among 202,377 mothers in Georgia from 2009 to 2011. Specifically, we use geographic information systems and spatial analysis methods to explore the spatial pattern of inadequate prenatal care utilization. A two-transportation-mode, two-step floating catchment area method is used to measure the spatial access to prenatal care by census tract. The effects of spatial accessibility, combined with the influences of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and medical factors, on the adequacy of prenatal care utilization are investigated with statistical models at the individual level. The results show that mothers with better spatial access are less likely to have adequate prenatal care. The inconsistency of this finding with other existing evidence suggests that the effects of spatial accessibility on health service utilization could be complicated and context specific.

理解服务使用的空间可及性之效应, 对于促进产前护理的提供而言相当重要。过往的研究主张, 具有较佳空间可及性的母亲, 较可能获得适当的产前护理。这些研究的结论, 却因使用小型样本和不适切的空间可及性测量而受限。本文检视空间可及性在解释 2009 年至 2011 年乔治亚州二十万两千三百七十七位母亲产前护理的使用变异中所扮演的角色。我们特别运用地理信息系统和空间分析方法, 探讨未充分使用产前护理的空间模式。本研究运用一个两种运输模型的两阶段流动搜寻法, 测量人口统计区中的产前护理的空间取得管道。本研究运用统计模型, 在个人层级探讨空间可及性结合人口、社会经济、行为与医疗因素, 对充分使用产前护理之影响。研究结果显示, 拥有较佳空间取得管道的母亲, 较不可能获得充分的产前护理。本研究发现与其他既有证据的不一致性, 显示出空间可及性对于健康服务使用的影响, 可能是复杂且取决于特定脉络的。

Entender el efecto de la accesibilidad espacial en la utilización del servicio es esencial para facilitar el cuidado prenatal del alumbramiento. Estudios anteriores sugieren que las madres que tienen un mejor acceso espacial tienen mayores probabilidades de recibir un cuidado prenatal adecuado. Sin embargo, las conclusiones de esos trabajos están limitadas por el uso de muestras muy pequeñas y mediciones inapropiadas de la accesibilidad espacial. Este artículo examina el papel de la accesibilidad espacial para explicar la variación en la utilización del cuidado prenatal en 202.377 madres de Georgia, entre 2009 y 2011. Específicamente, nosotros usamos sistemas de información geográfica y métodos de análisis espacial para explorar el patrón espacial de utilización inadecuada del cuidado prenatal. Se usa un método de área flotante de captación de dos etapas para medir el acceso espacial al cuidado prenatal, por tracto censal. Los efectos de la accesibilidad espacial, combinados con las influencias de factores demográficos, socioeconómicos, conductuales y médicos sobre la idoneidad de la utilización del cuidado prenatal son investigados con la ayuda de modelos estadísticos a nivel de individuo. Los resultados indican que las madres con mejor acceso espacial son menos propensas a tener cuidado prenatal adecuado. La inconsistencia de este hallazgo con otra evidencia existente sugiere que los efectos de la accesibilidad espacial en la utilización del servicio de salud podrían ser complicados y de contexto específico.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ping Yin

PING YIN is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA 22401. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geographic information science, GIS for health, and spatial optimization.

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