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Articles

Types of Public Spaces: The Polish Contribution to the Discussion of Suburban Public Space

Pages 633-654 | Received 01 May 2017, Accepted 01 Jan 2018, Published online: 23 Apr 2018
 

Abstract

Intensive suburbanization, especially in postsocialist countries, and a deficiency of fully public spaces result in an increasingly complex mixture of different types of spaces of public functions. Where there is a deficiency of completely public spaces, their role can be enhanced by those places available to the public for a specified period of time and under certain circumstances. Such places are provided and maintained not only by the public but also by the private sector. This article explores the diversity of places of public character and looks for criteria that organize this diversity. It introduces a new typology that corresponds mainly to the suburbs and combines five criteria of categorization: intended users, time limits as to access, prevailing form of control, intended functions, and visual characteristics. The typology draws attention to the role of spaces not intended for all the public but for selected groups and that of spaces with time-limited access. Such semipublic places are consistent with the lifestyle of suburbanites and therefore play an increasingly important role in suburban social life.

密集的郊区化——特别是在后社会主义国家中, 以及完全公共空间的缺乏, 导致了具公共功能的各种空间类型逐渐呈现复杂混合。仅管缺乏完全的公共空间, 但其功能可由特定时间与若干境况下可提供公共使用的地方增进之。这些地方不仅由公共所提供与维系, 同时由私部门进行之。本文探讨具公共特徵的地方多样性, 并寻求组织此一多样性的准则。本文引介主要符合郊区的崭新类型学, 并结合分类的五大准则:预期的使用者、使用的时间限制、普遍的控制形式、预期的功能, 以及视觉特徵。此般类型学关注并非预期提供给所有公众、而是选择性的群体使用, 并且具有使用时间限制的空间之角色。此般半公共空间, 与郊区住民的生活风格相符, 因此在郊区社会生活中扮演逐渐重要的角色。

La suburbanización intensiva, especialmente en los países postsocialistas, y una deficiencia de espacios completamente públicos resultan en una mezcla cada vez más compleja de diferentes tipos de espacios con funciones públicas. Donde se presenta una deficiencia en disponibilidad de espacios completamente públicos, esa función puede ser fortalecida con aquellos lugares disponibles para el público durante un período de tiempo específico y bajo ciertas circunstancias. Tales lugares son provistos y mantenidos no solamente por el público, sino también por el sector privado. Este artículo explora la diversidad de lugares con carácter público y busca criterios con los cuales organizar esta diversidad. El artículo introduce una nueva tipología que corresponde principalmente con los suburbios y combina cinco criterios de categorización: usuarios previstos, límites de tiempo para acceder, forma de control predominante, funciones previstas y características visuales. La tipología reclama atención al papel de espacios asignados no para todo público sino para grupos selectos, lo mismo que para los espacios con acceso de tiempo limitado. Tales lugares semipúblicos son consistentes con el estilo de vida de los suburbanitas y por lo tanto juegan un papel crecientemente importante en la vida social suburbana.

Acknowledgment

Thanks go to Elizabeth Lewis for her selflessness and help.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, under Grant 2016/23/D/HS6/02949.

Notes on contributors

Dorota Mantey

DOROTA MANTEY is a geographer in the Department of Urban Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests center on issues of suburbanization, suburban public spaces, and social integration.

Agnieszka Kępkowicz

AGNIESZKA KĘPKOWICZ is a landscape architect in the Department of Agrobioengineering, Section of Landscape Planning and Space Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20–950 Lublin, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests center on issues of suburbanization, landscape valuation, environment and public open space development, and their implications for well-being and social relations.

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