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Articles

Spatial and Sectoral Patterns of Firm Entry in China

Pages 703-714 | Received 20 Aug 2018, Accepted 03 Jan 2019, Published online: 06 Jun 2019
 

Abstract

This article provides new empirical evidence on the patterns of firm entry across sectors and space. Based on Pavitt’s four manufacturing industry categories—supplier-dominated, scale-intensive, specialized suppliers, and knowledge-based—we use China’s firm-level database, covering all manufacturing firms with sales above 5 million RMB from 1998 to 2008, to investigate the relation between spatial patterns of new entry firms and industrial structure change and firm heterogeneity. Based on our analysis, there are three key findings. First, industrial structure change plays an important role in influencing the sectoral pattern of new firm entry. Second, the transformation from a supplier-dominated industry to a scale-intensive industry from 1998 to 2008 in China has largely influenced spatial patterns of new entry firms (mainly spatial agglomeration and entry similarity between regions). Third, the heterogeneity of firms (mainly firm ownership, firm size, and technological relatedness) affected the location choice of new entry firms. Based on our findings, we conclude that the importance of industrial structure change and the heterogeneity of firms in revealing the spatial pattern of new entry firms should receive more attention. Key Words: China, firm entry, firm heterogeneity, industrial structure change, sectoral and spatial pattern.

本文为各部门与空间的企业进入模式提供新的经验证据。我们根据帕维特的四大製造业产业范畴——供应商支配、规模集约、专殊化的供应商、以及以知识为基础的产业,运用涵盖中国1998年至2008年销售额超过五百万人民币的所有製造业企业之企业层级数据集,探讨新进企业的空间模型与产业结构变迁和企业异质性之间的关联性。首先,产业结构变迁在影响新进企业部门模式上扮演重要的角色。再者,中国自1998年至2008年由供应商支配转变为规模集约产业之变迁,已大幅影响新进企业的空间模式(主要是空间聚集和区域之间的进入相似性)。第三,企业异质性(主要是企业所有权、企业规模与技术相关性)影响了新进企业的区位选择。我们根据研究发现于结论中主张,产业结构变迁与企业异质性在揭露新进企业的空间模式上的重要性,应受到更多的关注。关键词:中国,企业进入,企业异质性,产业结构变迁,部门与空间模式。

Este artículo entrega nueva evidencia empírica sobre los patrones de la entrada de empresas a través de sectores y del espacio. Basándonos en las cuatro categorías de la industria manufacturera de Pavitt––dominada por el proveedor, intensiva por la escala, proveedores especializados y basadas en conocimiento––usamos la base de datos a nivel de firmas de China, cubriendo todas las empresas manufactureras que registran ventas superiores a 5 millones RMB entre 1998 y 2008, para investigar la relación entre los patrones espaciales de nuevas empresas entradas y el cambio de la estructura industrial y la heterogeneidad de firmas. A partir de nuestro análisis, se presentan tres descubrimientos claves. Primero, el cambio de la estructura industrial juega un papel importante para influenciar el patrón sectorial de la nueva firma entrada. Segundo, en China, la transformación de una industria de la categoría dominada por el proveedor a una industria del tipo intensiva por escala, entre 1998 y 2008, ha influido grandemente los patrones espaciales de nuevas firmas de entrada (principalmente aglomeración espacial y similitud de entrada entre regiones). Tercero, la heterogeneidad de firmas (principalmente por propiedad de la firma, tamaño de la firma y conexión tecnológica) afectó la escogencia de localización por las nuevas firmas de entrada. Basándonos en nuestros hallazgos, concluimos que la importancia del cambio de estructura industrial y la heterogeneidad de firmas en términos de revelar el patrón espacial de nuevas firmas de entrada, debe recibir mayor atención.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the editor of The Professional Geographer and the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful and constructive suggestions and comments.

Additional information

Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41425001, 41731278).

WEI LI is a PhD candidate in the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]. His current research interests include evolutionary economic geography, regional industrial development, and technological catching up of developing countries.

CANFEI HE is a Professor in the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]. His current research interests include industrial development, international trade, and globalization.

HUAXIONG JIANG is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Human Geography and Planning at Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]. His current research interests include sociospatial analysis for economic geography and technology-based urban governance, notably in the Chinese context.

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