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Abstract
Manuel Castells seminal work The Rise of the Network Society (RNS) is one of the top ten most frequently cited publications in human geography. RNS comprehensively investigates the theory of network society, which is of great significance to human geography. Citation count, however, cannot reflect the specific contribution of RNS to human geography. By jointly using citation content and context analysis on 898 journal articles on human geography, this study examines the citations of RNS to clarify the contribution. Results show that (1) “space of flows” is most frequently cited and (2) citations of RNS serve nine citation functions in human geography studies. Eight of them reveal three types of knowledge development contribution, namely, knowledge dissemination, knowledge inheritance, and knowledge innovation. Among the nine citation functions, the critique function is most thought-provoking, revealing the deficiencies of RNS: (1) spatial dualism is abstract and impersonal, (2) “space of places” is as important as “space of flows” in the network society, and (3) the lack of abundant data limits the development of empirical research on the space of flows and network of city. These critical citations provide implications for the development of network society theory in human geography. Key Words: bibliometric analysis, citation context analysis, content analysis, knowledge development, network society.
曼纽尔．卡斯特尔（Manuel Castells）的开创性研究 “网络社会（RNS）的诞生,” 是人文地理学中最经常被引用的十大出版之一。RNS综合性地探讨网络社会理论，并对人文地理学而言相当重要。但引用数量却无法反映出RNS对人文地理学的特定贡献。本研究对八百九十八篇人文地理学的期刊文章同时进行引用内容和脉络分析，检视RNS的引用以釐清其贡献。研究结果显示：（1）“流动空间” 最常被引用，以及（2）RNS的引用在人文地理学研究中提供九项引用功能，其中八项展现出知识发展贡献的三大类别，亦即知识传播、知识传承，以及知识创新。在九大引用功能中，批判功能最能激发思考，并揭露出RNS的缺陷：（1）空间二元对立是抽象且非人的，（2）在网络社会中，“地方的空间” 与 “流动空间” 同等重要，以及（3）充裕数据的缺乏，限制了流动空间与网络城市的经验研究之发展。这些关键引用，对人文地理学中的网络社会理论发展提供了意涵。关键词：书目计量分析, 引用脉络分析, 内容分析, 知识发展, 网络社会。
El excelente trabajo de Manuel Castells The Rise of the Network Society (RNS) [La sociedad red] es una de las diez brillantes publicaciones en geografía humana más frecuentemente citadas. RNS investiga con detenimiento la teoría de la sociedad red, la cual es de gran significancia en geografía humana. No obstante, el conteo de citaciones no puede reflejar la contribución específica de RNS a la geografía humana. Usando conjuntamente la citación del contenido y el análisis de contexto de 898 artículos de revistas sobre geografía humana, este estudio examina las citaciones de RNS para clarificar la contribución. Los resultados muestran que (1) “el espacio de los flujos” es lo más frecuentemente citado, y que (2) las citaciones de RNS sirven nueve funciones de citación en los estudios de geografía humana. Ocho de estas revelan tres tipos de contribuciones al desarrollo del conocimiento, es decir, diseminación del conocimiento, herencia del conocimiento e innovación del conocimiento. Entre las nueve funciones de las citaciones, la función de crítica es la más estimulante del pensamiento, revelando las deficiencias de RNS: (1) el dualismo espacial es abstracto e impersonal, (2) “el espacio de los lugares” es tan importante como “el espacio de los flujos” en la sociedad red, y (3) la carencia de abundantes datos limita el desarrollo de la investigación empírica sobre el espacio de flujos y la sociedad red. Estas citaciones críticas generan implicaciones para el desarrollo de la teoría de la sociedad red en geografía humana.
Acknowledgments
We thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of this article.
Notes
Notes
1 WoS has two subject categories described with the term geography: “geography” and “geography, physical.” The former contains geography journals with a predominantly human bias (e.g., human geography journals) and the latter refers to physical geography (Laffan Citation2009).
2 The manual correction step is highly necessary because the automatic clustering procedure is prone to produce some errors (Thor et al. Citation2016a). This step can capture a majority of variants of a highly cited reference, although this step might not perfectly correct all the cited references in a cluster. A reference might have a number of variants (e.g., sometimes different pages of the same article are cited or papers are cited incorrectly) and some variants might be neglected because they are not easily recognized during manual check.
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Notes on contributors
Feng Zhen
FENG ZHEN is a Professor at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include smart cities, information geography, big data, and urban studies.
Jia Tang
JIA TANG is a PhD student at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include urban geography and travel behavior.
Xia Wang
XIA WANG is an Associate Professor at the School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include tourism geography and urban planning.