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Articles

The Elasticity of Shrinking Cities: An Analysis of Indicators

Pages 230-239 | Received 27 Sep 2019, Accepted 24 Nov 2020, Published online: 04 Mar 2021
 

Abstract

As shrinking cities scholarship has matured over the past two decades, the term shrinking cities has evolved into an overarching concept encompassing a broad range of geographic, cultural, and disciplinary diversity. As the breadth of the shrinking cities discourse has grown, the field has been simultaneously critiqued for being overly inclusive and oversimplifying the dynamic nature of shrinking cities and for a lack of cohesion among fragmented methodological and conceptual approaches. Rather than attempt to advance a universal definition or splinter into geographic or discipline-specific silos, there is an opportunity to expand the range of accepted definitions and measurements to reflect the diversity of contexts and subfields within the shrinking cities discourse. Examining six shrinking city indicators in the U.S. context, this article (1) determines the prevalence, severity, persistence, and geographical incidence of the shrinking cities captured by each of the indicators; (2) demonstrates the hierarchical nature of the shrinking city indicators; and (3) analyzes the characteristics of the shrinking cities captured by each indicator by comparing key economic, socioeconomic, and demographic variables. The analysis of the indicators demonstrates the elasticity of shrinking cities and provides methodological guidance for future shrinking cities research.

过去二十年里, 随着收缩城市研究的成熟, “收缩城市”已经演变成一个广泛涵盖地理、文化和学科多样性的综合概念。随着收缩城市论述在广度上的不断扩大, 该领域同时也受到批评, 认为它过于宽泛、过度简化了收缩城市的动态本质、其方法和概念过于零散而缺乏凝聚力。与其试图制定一个普世定义、或者将其变成地理的或学科的孤立领域, 我们可以拓展收缩城市的定义和方法, 从而反映收缩城市论述在背景和分支上的多样性。通过探讨美国的6个收缩城市指标, 本文(1)确定了这些指标所反映的收缩城市的流行、程度、持续和地理范围;(2)显示了收缩城市指标的层次性;3)通过对比经济、社会经济和人口等关键变量, 分析了每个指标所反映的收缩城市特征。通过对指标的分析, 本文论证了收缩城市的灵活性, 为未来收缩城市的研究提供了方法论上的指导。

Al tiempo que la erudición urbana ha madurado durante las pasadas dos décadas, la expresión ciudades encogidas ha evolucionado hacia un concepto que abarca un amplio espectro de diversidad geográfica, cultural y disciplinar. A medida que la amplitud del discurso de las ciudades encogidas se extiende, simultáneamente el campo ha sido criticado por ser incluyente en demasía y por simplificar en exceso la naturaleza dinámica de las ciudades encogidas, y por una falta de cohesión entre los enfoques metodológicos y conceptuales desvertebrados. En vez de intentar la promoción de una definición universal o astillarse en silos geográficos o los de una disciplina específica, se debe aprovechar la oportunidad que se presenta para ampliar el ámbito de definiciones y mediciones aceptadas para reflejar la diversidad de los contextos y subcampos en el discurso de las ciudades encogidas. Al examinar seis indicadores de lo que es una ciudad encogida dentro del contexto estadounidense, este artículo (1) determina la prevalencia, severidad, persistencia e incidencia geográfica de este tipo de ciudades captadas por cada uno de los indicadores; (2) demuestra la naturaleza jerárquica de los indicadores de las ciudades encogidas; y (3) analiza las características de las ciudades encogidas por cada indicador, comparando variables económicas, socioeconómicas y demográficas claves. El análisis de los indicadores demuestra la elasticidad de las ciudades encogidas y provee una guía metodológica para la futura investigación de esta clase de ciudades.

Acknowledgments

I thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and thorough feedback. I also thank Frank Popper, Kelly Kinahan, Joanna Ganning, Lauren Hansen, and Juan Ayala for their helpful comments on early drafts of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Maxwell Hartt

MAXWELL HARTT is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Planning at Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research explores the challenges and opportunities of planning for demographic change, with a focus on shrinking cities and age-friendly communities.

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