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Articles

Diamonds, Cloverleafs, and SPUIs: The Geography of Freeway Interchanges in the United States

Pages 102-114 | Received 10 Nov 2020, Accepted 22 Apr 2021, Published online: 08 Sep 2021
 

Abstract

Freeway interchanges are a fundamental component of freeway networks and provide nodes for economic development. They take a wide range of forms, including diamonds, cloverleafs, and stacks, depending on traffic conditions and other factors. They have not been the subject of study or data collection, however, and their numbers are unknown. Their geography is examined using nationwide data that allow the location and type of every interchange to be identified. The results show that there are more than 25,000 freeway interchanges in the United States, with diamond configurations accounting for almost 61 percent of them. They are far more common in urban areas. Interchanges have been modified or replaced at a steady rate and continue to grow in number. Although frequently overlooked, they are some of the sites of greatest congestion in the country and some of the most expensive transport infrastructure elements ever built.

高速公路立体交叉道是高速公路网的基本组成部分, 为经济发展提供了节点。根据不同的交通状况等因素, 它们的形式多种多样, 包括菱形、苜蓿叶形和堆叠式。然而, 它们尚未成为研究或数据采集的对象, 其数量也不详。利用全国数据, 本文探讨了它们的地理位置, 确定了每个立体交叉道的位置和类型。结果显示, 美国有25,000多个高速公路立体交叉道, 其中菱形立交几乎占61%。它们在城市地区尤为常见。立体交叉道得到了持续的改造或更换, 其数量持续增加。尽管常常被忽视, 但它们是美国交通最拥挤的场所之一, 也是最昂贵的交通基础设施要素之一。

Las intersecciones de las autopistas son un componente fundamental de las redes de autopistas y sirven como nodos para el desarrollo económico. Aquellas adoptan una amplia gama de formas, incluyendo las de diamante, hojas de trébol y montones, dependiendo de las condiciones del tráfico y otros factores. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no han sido sujetos de estudio o de recolección de datos, y sus números se desconocen. Aquí se examina su geografía usando datos de escala nacional que permiten establecer la localización y tipo de cada intersección por identificar. Los resultados muestran que en los Estados Unidos hay más de 25.000 intersecciones de autopista, con las configuraciones de diamante representando casi el 61 por ciento de aquellas. Son mucho más comunes en las áreas urbanas. Las intersecciones han sido modificadas o remplazadas con una tasa constante y siguen creciendo en número. Aunque a menudo ignoradas, son uno de los sitios de mayor congestión del país y uno de los lugares con los elementos de infraestructura del transporte más costosos jamás construidos.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Joe Weber

JOE WEBER is a Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the development of highway networks and the changing geography of the U.S. National Park System.

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