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Articles

You’re Surrounded! Measuring the Enclosure of Airports in Urban Areas

Pages 102-117 | Received 03 Sep 2021, Accepted 19 Mar 2022, Published online: 27 Jul 2022
 

Abstract

Airport location is a well-known planning issue that can have a significant impact on a city’s accessibility, economy, noise pollution, and residents’ well-being. In this article, we leverage existing open-source geoinformation and geographical information system (GIS) software to compute statistical indicators that allow us to characterize worldwide the extent to which airports are enclosed in their surrounding urban environment, considering both human overcrowding and actual land use around airports. A so-called enclosure index is developed based on the number of residents and their distance from the airport. A significant number of airports face a high enclosure index, but no clear relationships with air traffic volumes are found. This study also investigates actual land use around airports through a principal component analysis, which unveils interesting contrasts across airports’ surroundings and suggests that, on average, airports with more traffic tend to be located close to—or within—densely built districts. All the original materials produced for this research, including the indicators, the computational code, and the visualization of the context of airports globally through atlas, are provided in open access for future research on the topic.

机场位置是一个众所周知的规划问题, 对城市的可达性、经济、噪音污染和居民健康产生重大影响。利用开源地理信息和地理信息系统(GIS), 我们计算了若干统计指标, 考虑了拥挤和机场周围的土地利用, 在全球范围内描述了机场在周边城市环境中的覆盖程度。根据居民数量及其与机场的距离, 制定了覆盖指数。大部分机场的覆盖指数比较高, 但与航空交通量没有明确的关联。通过主成分分析研究了机场周围的土地利用, 揭示了各机场的不同周边环境。平均而言, 交通量较大的机场多位于城市密集地带的附近或之内。本研究的所有原始资料(包括指标、程序、全球机场环境的可视化地图集), 均可开放式地获取, 可用于未来的研究。

La ubicación de los aeropuertos es una cuestión de planificación bien conocida, que puede tener impactos significativos sobre la accesibilidad de la ciudad, la economía, la contaminación acústica y el bienestar de los residentes urbanos. En este artículo, aprovechamos la geoinformación de código abierto y el software de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para calcular indicadores estadísticos que nos permitan caracterizar en todo el mundo el grado de encerramiento de los aeropuertos frente a su entorno urbano circundante, tomando en cuenta tanto la superpoblación humana como el uso real del suelo de los alrededores. Se desarrolló el así llamado índice de cerramiento, con base en el número de residentes y su distancia al aeropuerto. Un significativo números de aeropuertos se enfrenta a un alto índice de cerramientos, pero sin encontrar relaciones claras con los volúmenes del tráfico aéreo. Este estudio investiga también el uso real del suelo alrededor de los aeropuertos por medio de un análisis de componentes principales, lo cual revela interesantes contrastes en los alrededores de los aeropuertos y sugiere que, en promedio, los aeropuertos con más tráfico tienden a estar ubicados cerca–o dentro–de distritos densamente edificados. Todos los materiales originales producidos para esta investigación, incluyendo los indicadores, el código computacional y la visualización del contexto de los aeropuertos a nivel global a través de un atlas, están disponibles en acceso abierto para futuras investigaciones sobre el tópico.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Jean-Louis Migeot, expert in acoustics, for his mathematical demonstration, according to which our enclosure index should be proportionally the inverse of the distance from the airport. Thank you, too, to the QGIS community for designing, maintaining, and improving this useful open GIS. Any remaining errors are our sole responsibility.

Notes

2 Source: These data are from ACI.

3 Despite its cost. Note that ACI offers discounts for research centers.

4 Of which 141 ACI airports are not included in the OAG dataset.

6 The extensive mathematical demonstration is available from the authors on request.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Taïs Grippa

TAÏS GRIPPA is an FNRS Postdoctoral Fellow at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles 1050, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]. His research activities mainly focus on using state-of-the-art and open-source GIS, remote sensing, and machine-learning solutions for mapping land cover and land use from very high-resolution satellite imagery, modeling population density, and producing geospatial analyses.

Frédéric Dobruszkes

FRÉDÉRIC DOBRUSZKES is an FNRS Research Associate at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles 1050, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]. He is the chair of the IGU Transport and Geography Commission. His main research interests are transport geography, especially the dynamics of airline networks, long-distance mobilities, social conflicts around aircraft noise, and air/rail competition.

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