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Research Note

Assessing Equity in Public Beach Access with Spatial Intersectionality

Pages 636-641 | Received 24 Jan 2022, Accepted 29 Aug 2022, Published online: 02 Feb 2023
 

Abstract

Previous research on beach access typically uses socioeconomic variables such as race or ethnicity and different levels of wealth to identify marginalized groups. Such an additive approach, however, fails to consider the intercategorical intersectionality between variables when defining marginalized groups. Moreover, there is little research that assesses the spatial variability of intersectional groups in relation to public beach access. This study addressed these gaps by empirically examining the spatially heterogeneous intercategorical intersectionality of race or ethnicity and poverty in terms of public beach access. A geographically weighted regression was employed via a case study of 784 census tracts in the Metro Detroit area. The results showed that economically marginalized White neighborhoods, overall, had greater access to public beaches than economically marginalized African American and Asian neighborhoods had. Furthermore, there exists spatially heterogeneous (in)equitable access to public beaches depending on the type of intersectional composition of the neighborhood. These findings are useful for beach managers to allocate resources to neighborhoods in need of more access to public beaches.

沙滩权利的研究, 通常采用种族、族裔以及财富差异等社会经济变量, 来确定边缘化群体。然而, 这种加法式研究方法, 在界定边缘化群体时, 没有考虑变量之间的跨类别交叉性。此外, 很少有研究去评估交叉群体在公共沙滩权利上的空间差异性。为了弥补这些研究缺陷, 本文通过实证方法, 探讨了种族(或族裔)与贫困在公共沙滩权利上的空间异质跨类别交叉性。本文采用地理加权回归方法, 研究了美国底特律市区的784个人口普查区。结果表明, 总体而言, 经济边缘化白人社区比经济边缘化非裔美国人和亚裔社区拥有更多的公共沙滩权利。不同的社区交叉组成类型, 在公共沙滩权利上存在着空间异质(不)平等。这些发现, 有助于沙滩管理者将资源分配给更需要公共沙滩的社区。

La investigación anterior sobre acceso a las playas típicamente usa variables socioeconómicas como raza o etnicidad y diferentes niveles de riqueza, para identificar grupos marginados. Tal enfoque aditivo, sin embargo, no toma en cuenta la interseccionalidad del tipo intercategórico entre variables en el momento de definir los grupos marginados. Más todavía, hay muy poca investigación que evalúe la variabilidad espacial de los grupos interseccionales en relación con el acceso público a las playas. El presente estudio aboca estos vacíos examinando empíricamente la interseccionalidad de tipo intercategórico espacialmente heterogénea de raza o etnicidad y pobreza en términos del acceso público a las playas. Se empleó una regresión geográficamente ponderada a través de un estudio de caso de 784 tractos censales del área metropolitana de Detroit. Los resultados mostraron que los vecindarios blancos económicamente marginados, en general, tenían un acceso mucho mayor a las playas públicas de lo que tenían los vecindarios afroamericanos y asiáticos económicamente marginados. Además, se presenta un acceso (in)equitativo espacialmente heterogéneo a las playas públicas en función del tipo de composición interseccional del vecindario. Estas conclusiones sirven para que los administradores de las playas asignen recursos a los vecindarios que necesitan más acceso a las playas públicas.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019S1A3A2098438).

Notes on contributors

Jinwon Kim

JINWON KIM is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. E-mail: [email protected]. His research goal is to identify the role of tourism, recreation, and parks in the creation of active, vibrant, healthy, sustainable, and resilient communities.

Seongsoo Jang

SEONGSOO JANG is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Marketing at Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. His research includes digital marketing, spatial marketing, and product innovation.

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