Paul Stob
Vanderbilt University
© 2015, Paul Stob
Notes
[1] See Gregory Clark and S. Michael Halloran, eds., Oratorical Culture in Nineteenth-Century America: Transformations in the Theory and Practice of Rhetoric (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993).
[2] James Perrin Warren, Culture of Eloquence: Oratory and Reform in Antebellum America (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999).
[3] Regarding this connection, see Angela G. Ray, The Lyceum and Public Culture in the Nineteenth-Century United States (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2005); and Thomas F. Wright, ed., The Cosmopolitan Lyceum: Lecture Culture and the Globe in Nineteenth-Century America (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2013).
[4] The Progressive Era, from which NCA grew, involved a kind of oratorical renaissance that grounded leadership in compelling speech. See Robert Alexander Kraig, “The Second Oratorical Renaissance,” in Rhetoric and Reform in the Progressive Era, ed. J. Michael Hogan (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2003), 1–48.
[5] James Arnt Aune, “The Politics of Rhetorical Studies: A Piacular Rite,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 92 (2006): 71.
[6] Donald C. Bryant, “Rhetoric: Its Functions and Its Scope,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 39 (1953): 413.
[7] For an overview of the pedagogical roots of rhetorical studies in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, see William M. Keith, Democracy as Discussion: Civic Education and the American Forum Movement (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007).