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Notes
1 Andrew Kohut, “How Americans View an Unruly World,” Wall Street Journal (New York, NY), August, 4, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/andrew-kohut-how-americans-view-an-unruly-world-1407195747.
2 Susan D. Moeller, Compassion Fatigue: How the Media Sells Disease, Famine, War and Death (New York: Routledge, 1999).
3 Andrew Tyndall, “The Tyndall Report Year in Review 2008.” The Tyndall Report. http://tyndallreport.com/yearinreview2008/
4 James Fallows, “The Tragedy of the American Military,” The Atlantic, Jan/Feb. 2015, american-military/383516/.
5 Sebastian Junger, “What's the Matter With the American Military?” The Atlantic, February 23, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/02/whats-the-matter-with-the-american-military/385735/.
6 See Roger Stahl, Militainment, Inc.: War, Media, and Popular Culture (New York: Routledge, 2010), and Michael L. Butterworth, Baseball and Rhetorics of Purity: The National Pastime and American Identity during the War on Terror (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2010).
7 David Brown, “War Fatigue,” Vox, June 8, 2014, http://www.vox.com/2014/6/8/5788788/bowe-bergdahl-war-when-no-one-is-paying-attention.
8 Jeremy Engels and William O. Sass, “On Acquiescence and Ends-Less War: An Inquiry in the New War Rhetoric,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 99 no. 2 (2013): 225–32.
9 James William Gibson, The Perfect War: Technowar in Vietnam (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1986/2000), 14–15, 79–82.
10 Sam Keen, Faces of the Enemy: Reflections of the Hostile Imagination (New York: Harper & Row, 1991).
11 Two books by Jeremy Engels develop this topic: Enemyship: Democracy and Counter Revolution in the Early Republic (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2010) and The Politics of Resentment: A Genealogy (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015).
12 James Carey, Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
13 Carey, 21.
14 Carey, 18–19.
15 Toby Keith, “Courtesy of the Red, White, and Blue,” Audio Recording, DreamWorks Nashville, 450815, 2002.
16 Engels, Enemyship.
17 Engels, Enemyship, 20.
18 Robert Ivie, Dissent from War (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2007), 204–6. See also Robert Ivie, Democracy and America's War on Terror (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005). See also Robert L. Ivie and Oscar Giner, Hunt the Devil: A Demonology of US War Culture. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2015.
19 Robert L. Ivie, “Combative Patriotism,” Hunt the Devil (blog, undated entry). Accessed December 15, 2015: https://huntthedevil.wordpress.com/2014/06/27/combative-patriotism/
20 On masculinity and American subjectivity since 9/11, see Claire Sisco King, Washed in Blood: Male Sacrifice, Trauma, and the Cinema (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011).
21 Engels, The Politics of Resentment, 17–19.
22 Barbara Biesecker, “No Time for Mourning: The Rhetorical Production of the Melancholic Citizen-Subject in the War on Terror,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 40, no. 1 (2007): 147–69.
23 James der Derian, “In Terrorem: Before and after 9/11,” in Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, eds. Ken Booth and Tim Dunne (London, UK: Palgrave McMillan, 2002), 102.
24 der Derian, “In Terrorem: Before and after 9/11.”
25 Kenneth Burke, Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), 45.
26 See also Marita Gronvoll, Media Representations of Gender and Torture Post-9/11 (New York, NY, Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2010).
27 Susan Sontag, “Regarding the Torture of Others,” New York Times (New York, NY), May 23, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/magazine/regarding-the-torture-of-others.html?pagewanted=all.
28 See Edward Said, Covering Islam: How the Media and Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World (New York: Vintage, 1997).
29 Al-Jazeera (2006). “Al-Jazeera Code of Ethics.” Accessed online December 15, 2015: http://www.aljazeera.com/aboutus/2006/11/2008525185733692771.html
30 Naomi Sakr, “Challenger or Lackey? The Politics of News on Al Jazeera” In Media on the Move: Global Flow and Contra-Flow, ed. Daya Kishan Thussu (New York, NY, Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2007), pp. 116–32. For more on Orientalism in the American press and the implications of the imperialist gaze in post-9/11 America, see Deepa Kumar, “Framing Islam: The Resurgence of Orientalism During the Bush II Era,” Journal of Communication Inquiry 34, no. 3 (2010): 254–77; Deepa Kumar, “Mediating Racism: The New McCarthyites and the Matrix of Islamophobia,” Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 7 (2014): 9–26; Deepa Kumar, “Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information During the 2003 Iraq War,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (2006): 48–69; Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire (Chicago: Haymarket Press, 2012).
31 Sakr, 17.
32 Sakr, 126.
33 Tyndall, “The Tyndall Report 2008 Year in Review.”
34 Brian Stelter, “TV news winds down operations on Iraq War,” New York Times (New York, NY), December 28, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/29/business/media/29bureaus.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
35 See also Roger Stahl, “The Clockwork War: Rhetorics of Time in a Time of Terror,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 94, no.1 (2008): 73–99.
36 Dudziak, 26–32. See also Hugh Gusterson, “Empire of Bases,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 10, 2009, http://www.thebulletin.org/empire-bases.
37 der Derian, “In Terrorem: Before and after 9/11.”