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Abstract
The New Rhetoric project featured an eleven-year collaboration between Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca and Chaïm Perelman, which culminated with their 1958 magnum opus, Traité de l'argumentation: la nouvelle rhétorique. Scholars have long speculated about Olbrechts-Tyteca's role in the New Rhetoric project and her relationship with Chaïm Perelman. Building from the work of Barbara Warnick, a synchronic and diachronic analysis of their collaboration yields insight on the nature of their collaboration, putting a spotlight on the scholarship of Olbrechts-Tyteca and the role she played in the New Rhetoric project. Their collaboration pairs Perelman, the philosopher concerned about the human being reasoning, with Olbrechts-Tyteca, the literary critic who, using the theoretical frame of the New Rhetoric project, systematically developed the role of the comic in rhetorical theory.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the assistance provided by Professor Barbara Warnick, University of Pittsburgh, and Noémi Perelman Mattis, JD, PhD
Notes
1. Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité de l'argumentation: La nouvelle rhétorique (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1958); Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969). For reference, we provide the relevant pages from the translation by Wilkinson and Weaver (whose translation merits some modification).
2. Joseph A. Marchal, Hierarchy, Unity, and Imitation: A Feminist Rhetorical Analysis of Power Dynamics in Paul's Letter to the Philippians (Boston: Brill, 2006), 10.
3. Marchal, Hierarchy, Unity, and Imitation, 10.
4. Robert Scott, “Chaïm Perelman: Persona and Accommodation in the New Rhetoric,” Pretext 5 (1984): 90.
5. Scott, “Chaïm Perelman,” 90.
6. Alan G. Gross and Ray D. Dearin, Chaïm Perelman (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002), xi.
7. Noémi Perelman Mattis, interview by first author, Eugene, OR, May 15, 2008. Michel Meyer, interview by authors, Brussels, Belgium, July 16, 2004.
8. Mieczyslaw Maneli, Perleman's New Rhetoric as Philosophy and Methodology for the Next Century (Boston: Kluwer, 1995).
9. Barbara Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution to the New Rhetoric,” in Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women, ed. Molly Meijer Wertheimer (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 69–85.
10. Lisa Ede and Andrea Lunsford, Singular Texts/Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Writing (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990).
11. Ede and Lunsford, Singular Texts/Plural Authors, 134.
12. Marchal, Hierarchy, Unity, and Imitation, 116.
13. David A. Frank, “The New Rhetoric, Judaism, and Post-Enlightenment Thought: The Cultural Origins of Perelmanian Philosophy,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 83 (1997): 311–31; David A. Frank, “Dialectical Rapprochement in the New Rhetoric,” Argumentation and Advocacy 33 (1998): 111–37; David A. Frank, “After the New Rhetoric,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 89 (2003): 253–61; David A. Frank, “The Jewish Counter-Model: Talmudic Argumentation, the New Rhetoric Project, and the Classical Tradition of Rhetoric,” Journal of Communication and Religion 26 (2003): 163–95; David A. Frank, “A Traumatic Reading of Twentieth-Century Rhetorical Theory: The Belgian Holocaust, Malines, Perelman, and de Man,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 93 (2007): 308–43.
14. UO Libraries Digital Collections, “Bibliography—Chaïm Perelman Collection,” University of Oregon Knight Library, http://boundless.uoregon.edu/digcol/perelman/bibliography.php.
15. Chaïm Perelman, “The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning,” in The New Rhetoric and the Humanities: Essays on Rhetoric and Its Applications, (Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1979), 55.
16. Chaïm Perelman, “De l'arbitraire dans la connaissance,” Archives de la société belge de philosophie 5 (1933): 5–44; Chaïm Perelman, “L'antinomie de M. Gödel,” Bulletins de l'Acade'mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique 6 (1936): 730–36; Chaïm Perelman, “Les paradoxes de la logique,” Mind (1936): 204–8; Chaïm Perelman, “La morale des forts et la morale des faibles,” Le Flambeau (1939): 183–92; Chaïm Perelman, “Étude sur Gottlob Frege (Présentation de la dissertation de doctorat inédite sur G. Frege),” Revue de l'Université de Bruxelles 44 (1939): 224–27; Chaïm Perelman, “La question juive,” Synthèses 3 (1946): 47–63.
17. Perelman, “New Rhetoric,” 9.
18. David A. Frank and Michelle Bolduc, “From Vita Contemplativa to Vita Activa: Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tytca's Rhetorical Turn,” Advances in the History of Rhetoric 7 (2004): 65–86.
19. Noémi Perelman Mattis, interview.
20. Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Jewish Identities: Fifty Intellectuals Answer Ben Gurion (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 290–92.
21. See Alan G. Gross and Ray D. Dearin, Chaim Perelman (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003), 9–11. See also his bibliography, n13.
22. Lucien Steinberg, Le Comité de Défense des Juifs en Belgique, 1942–1944 (Bruxelles: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1973), 84, 114.
23. Dan Michman, ed., The Encyclopedia of the Righteous among the Nations: Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust, Belgium (Jerusalem: Yad vashem, 2005), 245.
24. P. Fonteyne and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Serial Radioscopic Examination in Schools during 1949,” Acta tuberculosea Belgica (1950): 141–54.
25. See Olbrechts-Tyteca's bibliography at “Bibliography: Chaim Perelman Collection,” University of Oregon Libraries Digital Collection, http://boundless.uoregon.edu/digcol/perelman/bibliography.php.
26. Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution,” 82.
27. David A. Frank and Michelle K. Bolduc, “Chaïm Perelman's ‘First Philosophies and Regressive Philosophy’: Commentary and Translation,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 36 (2003): 181–84.
28. Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Logique et rhétorique,” Revue philosophique de la France et de l'e'tranger 140 (1950): 1–35.
29. Noémi Perelman Mattis, interview.
30. Noémi Perelman Mattis, interview.
31. See Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's bibliography at “Bibliography: Chaim Perelman Collection,” University of Oregon Libraries Digital Collection, http://boundless.uoregon.edu/digcol/perelman/bibliography.php.
32. Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Pareto et l'argumentation,” Uni Lausanne 37 (1983): 32–33.
33. Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Rencontre avec la rhétorique,” 3. All translations, unless otherwise noted, are ours.
34. Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Rencontre avec la rhétorique,” 3.
35. Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Rencontre avec la rhétorique” 4.
36. Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Rencontre avec la rhétorique” 5–6.
37. Perelman, L'empire rhétorique: Rhétorique et argumentation (Paris: J. Vrin, 1977), 9.
38. Chaïm Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, “Logique et rhétorique,” Revue Philosophique 140 (1950).
39. See Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca bibliography at “Bibliography: Chaim Perelman Collection,” University of Oregon Libraries Digital Collection, http://boundless.uoregon.edu/digcol/perelman/bibliography.php.
40. Chaïm Perelman, “Raison éternelle, raison historique,” in L'homme et l'histoire (Paris: PUF, 1952), 346–54.
41. Noémi Perelman Mattis, interview.
42. Ray Dearin to Chaïm Perelman, May 22, 1969, “Chaïm Perelman Archives,” Université[Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
43. Chaïm Perelman to Ray Dearin, May 27, 1969, “Chaïm Perelman Archives,” Université[Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
44. Frank and Bolduc, “Chaïm Perelman's ‘First Philosophies,” 177–207.
45. Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution,” 71, 82–83.
46. Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution,” 70.
47. Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution,” 73, 83.
48. Henri Bergson, Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic (London: Macmillan, 1911), 3.
49. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 188.
50. Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours (Bruxelles: Université, 1974), 7.
51. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 29.
52. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 42–43.
53. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discourse, 393.
54. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 22–23.
55. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 43, 393; see also Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 253; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 188.
56. Chaïm Perelman, “Preface,” in Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 5.
57. Chaïm Perelman, “Preface,” in Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 5.
58. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 253; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 188.
59. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 253; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 188.
60. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 276; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 205.
61. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 276; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 205.
62. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 278–79; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 207.
63. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 279; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 208.
64. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 304; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 226.
65. Chaïm Perelman, “Preface,” in Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 5.
66. Warnick, “Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Contribution,” 69.
67. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 23.
68. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 23.
69. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 398.
70. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 22.
71. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 44.
72. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 29; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 22.
73. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 40–46; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 31–35.
74. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 40; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 31.
75. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 412.
76. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 407–12.
77. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 398.
78. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 415–16.
79. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 35.
80. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 319.
81. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quixote, trans. Edith Grossman (New York: Ecco, 2003), 112–13.
82. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 356–57; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 265.
83. Cervantes, Don Quixote, 671; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Traité, 526; Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, New Rhetoric, 392.
84. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 299.
85. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Le comique du discours, 319.
86. Deni Elliott, Judy E. Stern, and Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics, Research Ethics: A Reader (Hanover: University Press of New England, 1997), 130.