The Psychology of Dynamic Balance and Peak Performance in Sport: Correction Theory

Abstract

This article introduces a new approach to understanding peak performance and dysfunctional performance in sport, correction theory. Correction theory, based within a control theory and dynamical systems perspective, assumes that dynamic balance (a state in which a robust complex system will self-correct in response to imbalance) underwrites individual functioning. The central thesis presented in this article is that an interdependent relationship exists between peak performance and dysfunctional performance in sport. Peak performance is, in part, a (corrective) response to dysfunctional performance and vice versa. An overview of correction theory is presented, based on two propositions relating to balance. Implications of correction theory for understanding sporting performance are briefly considered.

Keywords:

• Dynamic balance
• peak performance
• correction theory

Notes

1. The latter is based on Kelso’s (2008) notion of meta-stability, which is described as “the simultaneous realization of two competing tendencies: the tendency of the components to couple together and the tendency for the components to express their intrinsic independent behavior” (p. 186).

2. For consistency, the term peak performance will be used in this article to describe any performance that is significantly above what can normally be expected (Privette, 1981).

3. Conceptualized as a below-average performance.

4. See Jung (1960) for a more detailed outline of his ideas concerning the energetic standpoint.