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ABSTRACT
Jewish teachings on social justice include the maxim attributed to Hillel the Elder in the Mishnah: “If I am not for myself, who will be for me? But if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?” This maxim indicates Jewish responses to experiencing anti-Semitism in the context of sports, as Jews have stood up for themselves through protest, cultural adaptation, and boycott, as illustrated in phenomena such as the creation of the HaKoach sports teams in Europe, the South Philadelphia Hebrew Association basketball team in the United States, and international responses to the 1936 Berlin Olympics. It illuminates how others have “been for them,” including Football 4 Peace, responses in Europe to Jewish-identified football teams and anti-Semitism. And it illustrates how the Jewish state, Jewish athletes and teams have responded to the call to stand up for others in American baseball and Israeli football.