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Abstract
Wei Y. H. D., Lu Y. and Chen W. Globalizing regional development in Sunan, China: does Suzhou Industrial Park fit a neo-Marshallian district model?, Regional Studies. This paper analyses the transformation of Suzhou, known previously for its Sunan model of development into a globalizing foreign direct investment (FDI) and high-technology centre. It is argued that the key to the transformation has been the efforts of states in utilizing global capital, mainly through the development of the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP). However, the nature of Suzhou Industrial Park is largely that of a satellite district, and its future is likely a satellite neo-Marshallian district. A third pathway of development is promoted by integrating globalizing regional development with domesticating globalization, and by moving beyond the divide of globalization and localization.
Wei Y. H. D., Lu Y. et Chen W. La mondialisation de l'aménagement du territoire à Sunan en Chine: le parc industriel de Suzhou, est-ce qu'il correspond au modèle des districts du type Marshall?, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser la transformation de Suzhou, reconnu auparavant pour son développement en un centre d'IDE mondialisé à la pointe de la technologie par le modèle Sunan. On affirme que la clé de la transformation a été les tentatives des états pour utiliser le capital mondial, essentiellement à partir du développement du parc industriel de Suzhou. Toujours est-il que le caractère du parc est grosso modo celui d'un district satellite et il est probable qu'à l'avenir il sera un district satellite du type Marshall. On avance un troisième sentier de croissance qui intègre un aménagement du territoire mondialisé dans une mondialisation au niveau national, et qui va au-delà du clivage entre la mondialisation at la localisation.
Mondialisation Investissement étranger District industriel Aménagement du territotoire Chine
Wei Y. H. D., Lu Y. und Chen W. Globalisierung der Regionalentwicklung in Sunan (China): Entspricht der Suzhou Industrial Park dem Modell eines Neo-Marshallschen Distrikts?, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird die Verwandlung von Suzhou, das bisher für sein Sunan-Entwicklungsmodell bekannt war, in ein sich globalisierendes Zentrum für Direktinvestitionen und Hochtechnologie analysiert. Wir argumentieren, dass der Schlüssel für diese Verwandlung in den Bemühungen der Staaten zur Nutzung von globalem Kapital lag, insbesondere durch die Entwicklung des Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP). Allerdings weist der SIP weitgehend die Merkmale eines Satellitendistrikts auf und wird sich in Zukunft wahrscheinlich in einen Neo-Marshallschen Satellitendistrikt entwickeln. Wir treten für einen dritten Weg der Entwicklung ein, bei dem die sich globalisierende Regionalentwicklung in die einheimische Globalisierung integriert und die Trennung zwischen Globalisierung und Lokalisierung überwunden wird.
Globalisierung Ausländische Investitionen Industriebezirk Regionalentwicklung China
Wei Y. H. D., Lu Y. y Chen W. Desarrollo regional globalizado en Sunan, China: ¿Se ajusta Suzhou Industrial Park a un modelo de comarca neo-marshalliana?, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos la transformación de Suzhou, antes conocida por su modelo de desarrollo Sunan, en un centro globalizado de inversión directa extranjera (IDE) y de alta tecnología. Sostenemos que la clave para la transformación han sido los esfuerzos de los estados por utilizar el capital global, principalmente a través del desarrollo de Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP). Sin embargo, la naturaleza del SIP es en gran medida como una comarca satélite y su futuro es probablemente el de una comarca neo-marshalliana satélite. Fomentamos una tercera vía de desarrollo que integre un desarrollo regional globalizado con una globalización nacional y que traspase la división entre globalización y localización.
Globalización Inversión extranjera Comarca industrial Desarrollo regional China
Acknowledgement
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, San Francisco, CA, USA, 17–21 April 2007. The authors would like to thank the funding provided by the US National Science Foundation (Grant No. BCS-0552264), the Ford Foundation (Grant No. 1085-1022), and the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 07JJD840185).
Notes
The municipality consists of Suzhou City and six counties and county-level cities that Suzhou City administrates, including Kunshan and Taican bordering Shanghai.
The authors thank Crison Chien for drawing their attention to this point.
The municipality had a land area of 8488 kmFootnote2 and a population of 5.99 million in 2004, including 1.04 million in Suzhou City and 0.64 million in Kunshan (Jiangsu Statistical Bureau (JSB), Citation2005), a geographical scale comparable with the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy (land area = 22 124 kmFootnote2, population = 4.2 million in 2006).
When visiting the park in 1995, the primary author had to ride on a motorcycle driven by a local peasant, given the rural nature of the park and the poor transportation connecting the park and the city district.
Such a return rate is comparable with most other similar surveys in China and other developing countries in Asia, such as those by Romsa and Blenman Citation(1998) and Scott Citation(2000).
Interviews with Suzhou municipal government officials, 2001.
Interviews with Jiangsu provincial and Suzhou municipal government officials, 2001.
Interview with SIP officials, 2001.
The CSSD has been able to attract this type of official because it provides higher salaries, more promotion opportunities, and better benefits than other local government offices, based on the interviews undertaken.
Those are based on the authors' observation and interviews with the SND administration in 2001 and 2006.
Interviews with Suzhou government officials, 2007.
The Suzhou government has made clear to the authors their role in providing an effective platform or stage for the corporate actors, rather than acting as actors themselves. The Suzhou government also think that their clear role and transparency is another major reason for the concentration of FDI in coastal cities like Suzhou.
This point is the authors' observation and was also highlighted by local officials interviewed, since the Wenzhou model centred on private enterprise is evidence of the problems of rising inequality, unaffordable housing, and a shortage of public goods. While Suzhou's gross domestic product per capita is among the highest in the Yangtze Delta, its income per capita is less prominent.