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Original Articles

Catching the Local Buzz by Embedding? Empirical Insights on the Regional Embeddedness of Multinational Enterprises in Germany and the UK

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Pages 1303-1317 | Received 01 Feb 2010, Published online: 14 Jun 2011
 

Abstract

Kramer J.-P. and Revilla Diez J. Catching the local buzz by embedding? Empirical insights on the regional embeddedness of multinational enterprises in Germany and the UK, Regional Studies. What determines the regional embeddedness of multinational enterprises and how do these globally operating firms harness external knowledge which is considered to be ‘out there’ in regional innovation systems? Despite the increasing importance of this matter, from both a research and a management perspective, there is still an insufficient understanding of the regional embeddedness of multinational enterprises. By integrating insights from studies on intangible assets, corporate organization of innovation and regional innovation systems, this exploratory case study analysis presents a novel matrix of multinational enterprise regional embeddedness, using qualitative evidence from fifty-six in-depth interviews with senior members of leading multinational enterprises from the information and communication technology, automotive, and pharmaceutical industries from highly developed regional innovation systems in Germany and the United Kingdom.

Kramer J.-P. and Revilla Diez J. 通过嵌入把握地方复杂性?对于德国以及英国多国企业区域嵌入的经验研究,区域研究。是什么决定了多国企业的区域嵌入及其在区域创新系统中利用所谓的外部知识?尽管这个问题的重要性与日俱增,但目前从研究及管理视角对多国企业区域嵌入进行的理解还欠充分。通过整合无形资产、创新及区域创新系统的公司组织的相关研究结果,本案例展示了研发领域中多国企业的区域嵌入矩阵,定性数据来自针对各公司高级管理人员进行的56次深度访谈, 对象涉及德国与英国创新系统中的通信技术、自动化及制药产业。

区域嵌入 多国企业 创新组织 无形资产 区域创新系统

Kramer J.-P. et Revilla Diez J. Prendre le pied localement en s'y ancrant? Des aperçus empiriques sur l'ancrage régional des entreprises multinationales en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni, Regional Studies. Qu'est-ce qui détermine l'ancrage régional des entreprises multinationales et comment ces entreprises qui opèrent sur le plan mondial est-ce qu'elles exploitent au sein des systèmes d'innovation régionaux la connaissance externe que l'on considère être ‘dehors’? En dépit de l'importance accrue de cette question, quant à la recherche et à la gestion, on comprend mal l'ancrage régional des entreprises multinationales. A partir des preuves qualitatives provenant de cinquante-six interviews détaillés auprès des cadres supérieurs des premières entreprises mutlinationales des industries de la technologie de l'information et de la communication, automobile, et pharmaceutique dans des systèmes d'innovation régionaux extrêmement développés en Allemagne et au Royume-Uni, et en intégrant des aperçus qui proviennent des études sur les immobilisations incorporelles, l'organisation d'entreprise de l'innovation et les systèmes d'innovation régionaux, cette étude de cas exploratoire cherche à présenter une matrice originale de l'ancrage régional des entreprises multinationales.

Ancrage régional Entreprises multinationales Organisation de l'innovation Immobilisations incorporelles Systèmes d'innovation régionaux

Kramer J.-P. und Revilla Diez J. Nutzung des lokalen Trends durch Einbettung? Empirische Einblicke in die regionale Einbettung von multinationalen Unternehmen in Deutschland und Großbritannien, Regional Studies. Wovon hängt die regionale Einbettung multinationaler Unternehmen ab, und wie nutzen diese weltweit tätigen Firmen externes Wissen, das in regionalen Innovationssystemen vermutet wird? Trotz der wachsenden Bedeutung dieses Aspekts aus der Perspektive der Forschung und Betriebsführung wird die regionale Einbettung von multinationalen Unternehmen nach wie vor nicht ausreichend verstanden. Durch eine Integration der Einblicke von Studien über immaterielle Vermögenswerte, über die unternehmerische Organisation von Innovation und über regionale Innovationssysteme wird in dieser exploratorischen Fallstudienanalyse mit Hilfe von qualitativen Belegen aus 56 Tiefeninterviews mit Führungskräften hochrangiger multinationaler Unternehmen der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie sowie der Automobil- und Pharmaindustrie aus hochentwickelten regionalen Innovationssystemen in Deutschland und Großbritannien ein neuartiges Raster der regionalen Einbettung von multinationalen Unternehmen vorgestellt.

Regionale Einbettung Multinationale Unternehmen Organisation der Innovation Immaterielle Vermögenswerte Regionale Innovationssysteme

Kramer J.-P. y Revilla Diez J. ¿Aprovechar la tendencia local mediante la integración? Perspectivas empíricas sobre la integración regional de empresas multinacionales en Alemania y el Reino Unido, Regional Studies. ¿Qué determina la integración regional de las empresas multinacionales y cómo aprovechan estas sociedades, que operan internacionalmente, el conocimiento externo que se considera disponible en los sistemas de innovación regional? A pesar de la creciente importancia de este aspecto desde un punto de vista científico y de gestión, existe todavía un conocimiento insuficiente de la integración regional de las empresas multinacionales. Al integrar los resultados de los estudios sobre activos intangibles, sobre la organización corporativa de la innovación y sobre los sistemas regionales de innovación, en este análisis monográfico experimental presentamos una nueva matriz para la integración regional de empresas multinacionales. Para ello utilizamos evidencias cualitativas de cincuenta y seis entrevistas exhaustivas realizadas a miembros ejecutivos de importantes empresas multinacionales en el sector de la tecnología de la información y la comunicación, la automoción y las industrias farmacéuticas de sistemas regionales de innovación altamente desarrollados en Alemania y el Reino Unido.

Integración regional Empresas multinacionales Organización de la innovación Activos intangibles Sistemas de innovación regional

JEL classifications:

Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under Grand Agreement Number 216813. The authors would like to thank the interviewees for spending their precious time with us and answering the questions. The authors also want to thank Simona Iammarino and Elisabetta Marinelli for their substantial support, as well as Carlos Freire, Daniel Schiller and two anonymous referees for critical and helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies.

Notes

Dynamic capabilities of firms are defined as the ‘firm's ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments’ (Teece et al., Citation1997, p. 516).

Although Boschma's Citation(2005) argument mainly focuses on social proximity, he also shows that this component is not unrelated to the other dimensions of proximity. In fact, cognitive proximity can stimulate interactive learning; organizational proximity is also characterized by strong ties between partners; and geographical proximity is most likely to stimulate social proximity.

MNEs were selected among the 1250 firms with the greatest R&D investments (R&D Scoreboard 2007) and among the FT 500 (these criteria were relaxed in one case).

The ICT, automotive and pharmaceutical industry were selected as sectors of analysis, for example based on their value added in current prices: in Germany, the ICT industry accounts for €36 billion in value added (2007); the automotive for €77 billion; and the pharmaceutical industry for €16 billion (both 2008). In the UK, the ICT has a value added of €37 billion; the automotive of €8 billion; and the pharmaceutical industry of €8.5 billion (all 2008) (OECD, Citation2009).

Source: R&D Scoreboard 2007 and Annual Reports.

The semi-structured interview guides are available on request from the authors.

See http://www.gesundheitswirtschaft.nrw.de (accessed 5 February 2011).

See http://www.pharmahauptstadtberlin.de (accessed 5 February 2011).

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