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Abstract
Bernard J., Kostelecký T. and Patočková V. The innovative regions in the Czech Republic and their position in the international labour market of highly skilled workers, Regional Studies. This paper analyses the possibilities and potential barriers of development of an Island of Innovation in the most innovative regions in a post-Communist country – the Czech Republic. The relation between the labour market of these regions and the Islands of Innovation is explored and the consequences of the situation for further R&D development are assessed. The analysis concludes that the most innovative Czech regions are able to attract highly qualified labour from other locations and do not suffer from a quantitatively important brain drain. On the other hand, mutual interconnections with the most developed Islands of Innovation are weak.
Bernard J., Kostelecký T. and Patočková V. 捷克共和国中的创意区域及其在高技术劳工国际劳动市场中的境况，区域研究。本文分析捷克共和国做为一个后共产主义国家，在国内最具创新的区域中发展创新岛的可能性及潜在的障碍。本文将探讨这些区域的劳动市场与创新岛之间的关联性，并评估该情况对未来研究发展的影响。本分析将在结论中主张，捷克中最为创新的区域得以自其他地方吸引高素质的劳工，并且不受为数众多的人才流失所苦。另一方面，已发展的创新岛之间的相互连结则较为薄弱。
Bernard J., Kostelecký T. et Patočková V. Les régions innovatrices en République tchèque et leur rang sur le marché du travail international des travailleurs hautement qualifiés, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les possibilités et les obstacles potentiels au développement d'un Îlot d'innovation aux régions les plus innovatrices situées dans un pays ex-communiste – à savoir, la République tchèque. On examine le rapport entre le marché du travail de ces régions et les Îlots d'innovation, et on évalue les conséquences de la situation pour ce qui est de la recherche future. L'analyse conclut que les régions tchèques les plus innovatrices sont à même de séduire une main-d'oeuvre hautement qualifiée en provenance d'autres régions et n'accusent pas d'exode important de la matière grise. En revanche, les interconnexions mutuelles avec les Îlots d'innovation les plus développés sont faibles.
Bernard J., Kostelecký T. und Patočková V. Innovative Regionen in der Tschechischen Republik und ihre Position auf dem internationalen Arbeitsmarkt für hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die Möglichkeiten und potenziellen Hindernisse bei der Entwicklung einer Innovationsinsel in den innovativsten Regionen eines postkommunistischen Landes – der Tschechischen Republik. Wir untersuchen die Beziehung zwischen dem Arbeitsmarkt dieser Regionen und den Innovationsinseln und bewerten die Konsequenzen dieser Situation für die Weiterentwicklung im Bereich F&E. Aus der Analyse geht hervor, dass die innovativsten tschechischen Regionen imstande sind, hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte von anderen Standorten anzuziehen, und nicht unter einem quantitativ wichtigen Braindrain leiden. Andererseits gibt es nur schwache gegenseitige Verbindungen zwischen den am stärksten entwickelten Innovationsinseln.
Bernard J., Kostelecký T. y Patočková V. Las regiones innovadoras en la República Checa y su posición en el mercado laboral internacional de empleados altamente cualificados, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos las posibilidades y los posibles obstáculos del desarrollo de una isla de innovación en las regiones más innovadoras de un país poscomunista: la República Checa. Examinamos la relación entre el mercado laboral de estas regiones y las islas de innovación, y evaluamos las consecuencias de la situación para el futuro desarrollo de I + D. En el análisis concluimos que las regiones checas más innovadoras pueden atraer mano de obra muy cualificada de otros lugares y no sufren de una fuga de cerebros cuantitativamente importante. Por otra parte, son débiles las interconexiones mutuas con las islas de innovación más desarrolladas.
Acknowledgements
The underlying research was supported by a project of the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sport (Number 2E06015). Parts of this paper were published in Bernard et al. Citation(2012).
Notes
1. In the first step, most important research institutes and companies engaged in research activities (all institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences, all individual faculties of Czech universities, and all private receivers of public support for research activities) were asked to deliver contacts to potential respondents. The similar request was addressed to selected organizations of expatriate Czech nationals. In the second step, a snowball sampling method was used to widen the existing set of potential respondents.
2. Due to a limited number of respondents, it was not possible to conduct a detailed analysis of migration patterns by individual scientific disciplines.
3. There are no data on foreign researchers working in the R&D business enterprise sector in the Czech Republic. The business enterprise sector researchers represent about one-third of all researchers in the Czech Republic. The absolute numbers of foreign nationals in Czech R&D are thus higher.
4. Only respondents who stayed abroad at the time of the survey and considered returning were asked the question concerning their motives for returning. Only respondents who stayed abroad while not considering returning to the Czech Republic were asked the questions concerning their main motives against a possible return. Due to the fact that the number of respondents in both groups was small (ninety-seven and forty-three, respectively), the results should be interpreted with caution and tables with exact percentages are not included.
5. The analysis is based on bibliometric data available from the Web of Science. Bibliometric information about researchers who were respondents in the survey were analysed. In the first step, the sample was reduced by excluding respondents whose bibliometric data could not be unambiguously identified in the Web of Science. The number of cases was therefore reduced to 306. In the second step, respondents staying abroad but planning to return were excluded. Finally, scientific disciplines with fewer than twelve respondents were excluded. The final number of cases was thus reduced to 186.