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Abstract
McCann P. and Ortega-Argilés R. Smart specialization, regional growth and applications to European Union Cohesion policy, Regional Studies. The aim of this paper is to achieve two objectives. Firstly, it examines the smart specialization concept and explains the challenges involved in applying this originally sectoral concept to an explicitly spatial and regional setting. Secondly, it explains the ways in which this might be achieved so as to make the concept suitable as a building block of a reformed European Union cohesion policy.
McCann P. and Ortega-Argilés R. 灵活专业化、区域成长及其于欧盟凝聚政策的应用，区域研究。本文旨在达成下列两项目标。首先，本文检视灵活专业化的概念，并解释将此一源自于部门的概念应用于明确的空间及区域脉络所涉及的挑战。再者，本文解释达成上述目标的方式，使得此一概念更适合做为革新的欧盟凝聚政策之基石。
McCann P. et Ortega-Argilés R. La spécialisation intelligente, la croissance régionale et les applications à la politique de cohésion de l'Union européenne, Regional Studies. Les buts de ce présent article sont à deux temps. Primo, on examine la notion de spécialisation intelligente et explique les défis en jeu pour appliquer ce concept, qui à l'origine était sectoriel, à un milieu qui est explicitement spatial et régional. Secundo, on explique les manières pour y parvenir afin de rendre le concept propice comme pierre d'assise d'une politique de cohésion réformée de l'Union européenne.
McCann P. und Ortega-Argilés R. Intelligente Spezialisierung, regionales Wachstum und Anwendungen auf die Kohäsionspolitik der Europäischen Union, Regional Studies. Mit diesem Beitrag werden zwei Ziele verfolgt. Erstens wird das Konzept der intelligenten Spezialisierung untersucht, und es werden die Herausforderungen erläutert, die mit der Anwendung dieses ursprünglich sektoralen Konzepts auf eine ausdrücklich räumliche und regionale Umgebung verbunden sind. Zweitens wird erläutert, auf welche Weise sich diese Anwendung verwirklichen lässt, um das Konzept zu einem geeigneten Baustein für eine reformierte Kohäsionspolitik der Europäischen Union zu machen.
McCann P. y Ortega-Argilés R. Especialización inteligente, crecimiento regional y aplicaciones en la política de cohesión de la Unión Europea, Regional Studies. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos: primero, examinar el concepto de la especialización inteligente y explicar los retos que implica aplicar este concepto originalmente sectorial a un entorno explícitamente espacial y regional. Segundo, explicar cómo se puede conseguir esto para adaptar este concepto y convertirlo en un elemento esencial de una política de cohesión reformada de la Unión Europea.
Acknowledgements
This paper has benefitted greatly from the comments, insights, and criticisms received at various seminars and meetings offered by Fabrizio Barca, Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Andrea Bonaccorsi, Ron Boschma, Andries Brandsma, Lewis Dijkstra, Koen Frenken, Dominique Foray, Enrique Garcilazo, Ian Gordon, Karen McGuire, Joaquim Oliveira-Martins, Andrés Rodriguez-Pose, Marcel Timmer, Bart van Ark, Frank van Oort, Attila Varga, Jouke van Dijk and Tony Venables. The opinions expressed herein are entirely those of the authors alone.
Notes
1. See http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/s3pguide and http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/newsroom/detail.cfm?id=361&LAN=EN/.
3. The smart specialization concept originally emphasized the importance of R&D, and in particular R&D in high-technology sectors. However, as one moves through the nine policy briefs produced by the Knowledge for Growth expert group between 2006 and 2009 and on towards the subsequent papers (David et al., Citation2009; Foray et al., Citation2011), it is possible to discern a marked shift away from the early emphasis on R&D, and in particular on multinational R&D, through to institutional and governance issues relating to science, and finally towards technological specialization based on the adoption, dissemination and adaptation of GPTs, primarily understood as ICTs, across a wide range of sectors and activities. As such there was also an increasing emphasis on enhancing the linkages between knowledge-generation processes in all their forms (including R&D) and the promotion and dissemination of entrepreneurship and innovation across all sectors, activities and occupations within the context of global value chains.
4. In the EU context, the definitions regarding the nature and use of results indicators are contained in Barca and McCann (2011) and examples of such indicators are given in the two Complementary Notes on Outcome Indicators for Some EU2020 Objectives entitled ‘Meeting Climate Change and Energy Objectives’ and ‘Improving the Conditions for Innovation, Research and Development’ (see http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/performance_en.htm). These were subsequently updated in response to the deliberations during 2011 of the High Level Group on Outcome Indicators as ‘Outcome Indicators and Targets – Towards a New System of Monitoring and Evaluation in EU Cohesion Policy’, June 2011, on the DG Regio Website (see http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/doc/performance/outcome_indicators_en.pdf). For the most recent guidance, see http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information/evaluations/guidance_en.cfm and http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information/evaluations/guidance_en.cfm#1/.