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Original Articles

Knowledge Neighbourhoods: Urban Form and Evolutionary Economic Geography

Pages 883-898 | Received 31 Oct 2012, Accepted 15 Jan 2015, Published online: 10 Apr 2015
 

Abstract

Spencer G. M. Knowledge neighbourhoods: urban form and evolutionary economic geography, Regional Studies. This paper examines connections between the urban form of neighbourhoods in relation to the evolutionary economic geography of knowledge-intensive industries. The data presented show that firms in ‘creative’ industries tend to be located in dense, mixed-use neighbourhoods near the city core, while ‘science-based’ industries tend to be concentrated in low-density, single-use neighbourhoods in the suburbs. It is argued that these spatial patterns are related to the fact that inter-firm networks are more important in the ‘creative’ industries, while ‘science-based’ industries rely more heavily on intra-firm interactions and learning.

Spencer G. M. 知识的邻里:城市形态与演化经济地理学,区域研究。本文检视邻里的城市形态与知识密集产业的演化经济地理之间的连结。本文呈现的数据显示,“创意”产业中的企业,倾向座落于临近市中心的高密度、混合使用的邻里,而“以科技为基础”的产业,则倾向聚集于郊区中低密度、单一使用的邻里。本文主张,这些空间形式,与企业间的网络对“创意”产业更为重要、“以科技为基础”的产业则更大量倚赖企业内部的互动与学习的事实相关。

Spencer G. M. Les quartiers de la connaissance: la forme urbaine et la géographie économique évolutionniste, Regional Studies. Ce présent article cherche à examiner les liens entre la forme urbaine des quartiers par rapport à la géographie économique évolutionniste des industries à haute intensité de connaissance. Les données présentées montrent que les entreprises des industries ‘créatives’ ont tendance à s'implanter dans les quartiers très peuplés à usages mixtes situés près du noyau urbain, alors que les industries ‘à vocation scientifique’ tendent à se concentrer dans les quartiers de banlieue à population faible et à usage unique. On affirme que ces configurations spatiales se rapportent au fait que les réseaux interentreprises s'avèrent plus importants dans les industries ‘créatives’, tandis que les industries ‘à vocation scientifique’ sont fortement tributaries des interactions intraentreprises et de l'apprentissage.

Spencer G. M. Nachbarschaften des Wissens: urbane Form und evolutionäre Wirtschaftsgeografie, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag werden die Verbindungen zwischen der urbanen Form von Nachbarschaften in Beziehung auf die evolutionäre Wirtschaftsgeografie von wissensintensiven Branchen untersucht. Aus den gezeigten Daten geht hervor, dass sich Firmen in 'kreativen' Branchen tendenziell eher in dicht besiedelten Nachbarschaften mit gemischter Nutzung in der Nähe des Stadtkerns ansiedeln, während sich 'wissenschaftsbasierte' Branchen eher in dünn besiedelten Nachbarschaften mit einzelner Nutzung in den Vorstädten konzentrieren. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese räumlichen Muster mit der Tatsache zusammenhängen, dass Netzwerke zwischen Firmen in den 'kreativen' Branchen wichtiger sind, während 'wissenschaftsbasierte' Branchen stärker auf Wechselwirkungen und Lernprozesse innerhalb der Firma angewiesen sind.

Spencer G. M. Barrios de conocimiento: forma urbana y geografía económica evolutiva, Regional Studies. En este artículo se analizan las conexiones entre la forma urbana de los barrios con relación a la geografía económica evolutiva de las industrias de conocimiento intensivo. Los datos presentados indican que las empresas en industrias ‘creativas’ tienden a ubicase en barrios densamente poblados de uso mixto cerca de centros urbanos, mientras que las industrias ‘basadas en la ciencia’ suelen estar concentradas en barrios con una baja densidad de población de uso individual en los suburbios. Se argumenta que estos patrones espaciales están relacionados con el hecho de que las redes entre empresas son más importantes en las industrias ‘creativas’, mientras que las industrias ‘basadas en la ciencia’ confían más en las interacciones y el aprendizaje dentro de cada empresa.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank five anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. He also thanks all members of the local IDEAs team. Additional thanks to Dun & Bradstreet for providing the data. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting in New York, NY, USA, February 2012.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Funding

Funding for this research was generously provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Research Fund.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1019846

Notes

1. Defined in detail in the next section of this paper.

2. Data are at the establishment level.

3. The Canadian General Social Survey differs from the American General Social Survey in a key respect in that special topic questions are asked of all respondents (N = 25 000) rather than a smaller subset (N = 1000) allowing for more robust cross-tabulations.

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